The graph shows the market for pesticide. The firm that produces the pesticide dumps waste into a river that the local water ski club owns. How much pesticide does the firm produce and how much does the firm pay the local ski club to dump waste into the river? Is the outcome efficient? Why or why not? The firm produces tons of pesticide a week and pays the local ski club OA. 4,000; $300 OB. 4,000; $400 OC. 8,000; $300 OD. 8,000 $200 The outcome is OA. inefficient because marginal social cost is greater than marginal private cost a ton.
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The firm produces _______ tons of pesticide a week and pays the local ski club _______ a ton.
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- Suppose a city releases 16 million gallons of raw sewage into a nearby lake. Table 12.8 shows the total costs of cleaning up the sewage to different levels, together with the total benefits of doing so. (Benefits include environmental, recreational, health, and industrial benefits.) Using the information in Table 12.8, calculate the marginal costs and marginal benefits of reducing sewage emissions for this city. See Production, Costs and Industry Structure if you need a refresher on how to calculate marginal costs. What is the optimal level of sewage for this city? Why not just pass a law that films can emit zero sewage? After all, the total benefits of zero emissions exceed the total costs.The table below shows the demand for pollution permits to emit hydrocarbons in a particular industrial park. Each permit allows the owner to release one tonne of pollutants into the atmosphere. Price perPollution Permit Quantity of Permits $4,500 75 4,000 150 3,500 225 3,000 300 2,500 375 2,000 450 1,500 525 a. If no fee for a pollution permit were charged, how many tonnes of pollutants would be discharged into the atmosphere, assuming a straight-line demand curve? Quantity: tonnesb. Suppose government were to set a fee of $3,500 per pollution permit. How many tonnes of pollutants would now be dumped? What is the total revenue received by government? Quantity: tonnes Total revenue: $ c. Suppose that a new technology allows for a significant reduction in hydrocarbons at a relatively low cost so that the demand for pollution permits in the industrial park drops by 150 tonnes. Assuming that government holds the permit fee at $3,500, how many tonnes of…Figure 10-1 Social Cost Supply 3.00 2.80 2.07 1.50 Demand 24 30 38 50 QUANTITY (Units oftobacco) Refer to Figure 10-1. This graph represents the tobacco industry. The industry creates O a. positive externalities. O b.no equilibrium isthe market. OC. negative externalities. O'd.no externalities. PRICE (Dollars per unit)
- wo firms, A and B, each currently dump 50 tonnes of chemicals into the local river. The government has decided to reduce the pollution and from now on will require a pollution permit for each tonne of pollution dumped into the river. It costs Firm A $100 for each tonne of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river, and it costs Firm B $50 for each tonne of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river. The government gives each firm 20 pollution permits. Government officials are not sure whether to allow the firms to buy or sell the pollution permits to each other. What is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms are NOT allowed to buy and sell pollution permits from each other, and what is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms ARE allowed to buy and sell permits from each other? A. $4500; $2500 B. $3000; $1500 C. $4500; $3500 D. $4500; $4000This graph represents the tobacco industry. IPrice 16 14 Social Cost 12 10 Private Cost 8 6 4 Demand 200 500 650 Quantity a) Without any government intervention, what is the market determined price and quantity? b) What is the price of the externality? c) What is the socially optimal price and quantity? d) What should the government do (impose a tax or provide a subsidy) to internalize this externality? What is the amount of the the corrective tax/subsidy needed to be to move the outcome from the market equilibrium to the socially-optimal outcome?cap-and-trade and windfall profitsA city called Seoul is suffering from high concentrations of mercury in the air, caused by burningcoal in power plants. There are two of these plants close to the city. The city’s mayor wants touse cap-and-trade to reduce emissions to a reportedly “safe” level of 60 tons. The two firms havethe following marginal benefits of emissions: MB1 = 100 – 2e1, MB2 = 25 – 0.5e2.a. How much mercury will each firm emit? What allowance price will prevail in themarket?Firm 2 hires a smart lobbyist who convinces the government that its profits are relatively low andthat it therefore deserves a generous allowance allocation. The government agrees and allocatesa1 = 20 allowances to firm 1 (for free) and a2 = 40 allowances to firm 2 (for free).b. What are the firms’ profits? Do any of the firms earn windfall profits? [Hint: compareprofits with and without regulation.] Windfall profits have been sharply criticized by consumer advocacy groups and politicians.c. What can…
- ASAP plz Why don't people/stores make different decisions? Cost is a factor: a case of foam take-out containers costs $25, compared with $58 for paper and recyclable-plastics. How does this affect the firm's profit? Are consumers willing to pay more? Negative externality Consider the demand and supply given above. Suppose there is an external cost given by MEC=5Q. Find social equilibrium price and quantity. Draw a graph and label both private and social equilibrium.10. A local drama company proposes a new neighborhood theater in San Francisco. Before approving the permit, the city planner completes a study of the theater's impact on the surrounding community. a. One finding of the study is that the theaters attract traffic, which adversely affects the community. The city planner estimates that the cost to the community from the extra traffic is $5 per ticket. What kind of an externality is this? Why? b. Graph the market for theater tickets, labeling the demand curve, the social-value curve, the supply curve, the social-cost curve, the market equilibrium level of output. Also show the per-unit amount of the externality. c. Upon further review, the city planner uncovers a second externality. Rehearsals for the plays tend to run until late at night, with actors, stagehands, and other theater members coming and going at various hours. The planner has found that the increased foot traffic improves the safety of the surrounding streets, an estimated…There are three industrial firms in the county. -Firm A's initial pollution level is 50 units. Its cost of reducing pollution by 1 unit is $30. -Firm B's initial pollution level is 40 units. Its cost of reducing pollution by 1 unit is $20.-Firm C's initial pollution level is 30 units. Its cost of reducing pollution by 1 unit is $40.The government wants to reduce pollution to 90 units so it gives each firm 30 tradable pollution permits.(i) Who sells permits? (ii) How many do they sell? (iii) Who buys permits? (iv) How many do they buy?
- 16. A pharmaceutical company develops a vaccine against malaria, a disease that kills large numbers of people worldwide. This vaccine market presents Opositive externalities Onegative externalities Opublic goods Osocial cost and as a result Othe private demand for vaccine is greater than the social demand Othe social demand for vaccines is greater than the private demand Othe market will result in an over production of vaccines Othe price of the vaccine will be too low to generate profitfor the firmSuppose that a firm’s emissions and Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) data are summarized in thetable below. e MAC 0 200 10 180 20 160 30 140 40 120 50 100 60 80 70 60 80 40 90 20 100 0 a. If the price of a pollution permit is $100, how many permits will the firm need? Explain.b. Suppose that the price of a pollution permit increases to $120, how many permits will thefirm need? Explain.c. With this new price of $120, will the firm’s emissions increase or decrease? By howmuch? Explain.d. Can the firm sell any permits? If so, what is the revenue generated from permit sales?Explain.The dry-cleaning industry is a major source of air pollution. Based on this information, which conclusion is the most likely to be true about the price and output of dry-cleaning services? O Because dry-cleaning does not have much demand, pollution is not affecting their demand. O Dry-cleaning is a complimentary good. O Dry-cleaners see it as less profitable to cause pollution. Because there are no financial consequences for the pollution, fixing it wouldn't be as profitable for dry-cleaners.