The following table presents measurements of mean noise levels in dBA (y), roadway width in m (x1), and mean speed in km/h (x2), for 10 locations in Bangkok, Thailand, as reported in the article "Modeling of Urban Area Stop-and-Go Traffic Noise" (P. Pamanikabud and C. Tharasawatipipat, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 1999:152–159). y X1 X2 78.1 6.0 30.61 78.1 10.0 36.55 79.6 12.0 36.22 81.0 6.0 38.73 78.7 6.5 29.07 78.1 12.0 28.26 78.6 6.5 30.28 78.5 6.5 30.25 78.4 9.0 29.03 79.6 6.5 33.17 Construct a good linear model to predict mean noise levels using roadway width, mean speed, or both, as predictors. Provide the standard deviations of the coefficient estimates and the P-values for testing that they are different from 0. Explain how you chose your model.
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- A study was conducted assessing the effect of observer training on measurement of blood pressure based on NHANES data from 1999–2000 (Ostchega, et al., [1]). A goal was that the difference in recorded blood pressure between the observer and trainer be ≤ 2 mm Hg in absolute value. It was reported that the mean difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) between observers and trainers (i.e., mean observer SBP minus trainer SBP) = mean (Δ) was 0.189 mm Hg with sd = 2.428 mm Hg. 1. If we assume that the distribution of Δ is normally distributed, then what % of (observer, trainer) pairs have a mean difference of ≥ 2 mm Hg in absolute value (i.e., either ≥ 2 mm Hg or ≤ −2 mm Hg)? 2. If we assume that the distribution of Δ is normally distributed, then what is the 90 percentile (i.e., the upper decile) and 10 percentile (i.e., the lower decile) of the distribution?A study by researchers at the University of Maryland addressed the question of whether the mean body temperature of humans is 98.6◦F. The results of the study by P. Mackowiak et al. appeared in the article “A Critical Appraisal of 98.6◦F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body Temperature, and Other Legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich” (Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 268, pp. 1578–1580). Among other data, the researchers obtained the body temperatures of 93 healthy humans. Suppose that you want to use those data to decide whether the mean body temperature of healthy humans differs from 98.6◦F. Hypothesis tests are proposed. For each hypothesis test, a. determine the null hypothesis.b. determine the alternative hypothesis.c. classify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed.Write down the similarity between the Weighted Mean value Theorem and Simpson’s rule.
- PULSE RATES Listed below are pulse rates (beats per minute) of females selected from Data Set 1 “Body Data” in Appendix B. All of those pulse rates are even numbers. Is there a pulse rate that appears to be an outlier? What is its value?What are the criteria and steps needed to take to asses the degree in which an independent variable causes changes observed in the dependant variable?Suppose one has to deduce the state of traffic stream at a 2 km road section from prob-vehicle that broadcast their position and mean speed over the last km. It is known that on average 10 prob vehicles pass per hour over the section considered. The aim is to have fresh information about the traffic flow state every 6 minutes. Is it possible to achieve the aim? Give your opinion.
- The data set provided below was derived from an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association entitled "A Critical Appraisal of 98.6 Degrees F, the Upper Limit of the Normal Body Temperature, and Other Legacies of Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich" (Mackowiak, Wasserman, and Levine 1992) by Allen Shoemaker. He recreated the original data set from a histogram and published the article "What's Normal? -- Temperature, Gender, and Heart Rate", Journal of Statistics Education v.4, n.2 (1996). Data Table Temp 96.2 96.7 96.9 97 97.1 97.1 97 97.2 97.3 97.4 97.4 97.4 97.5 97.5 97.4 97.6 97.6 97.6 97.8 97.8 97.8 97.8 97.8 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98.2 98.1 98.3 98.2 98.3 98.2 98.4 98.3 98.5 98.5 98.4 98.4 98.6 98.4 98.7 98.7 98.6 98.6 98.6 98.6 98.8 98.7 98.8 98.9 98.9 98.9 99 99 99.1 99.1 99.1 99.3 99.3 99.5 96.4 96.7 96.8 97.3 97.1 97.3…Do wearable devices that monitor diet and physical activity help people lose weight? Researchers had 237 subjects who were already involved in a program of diet and exercise use wearable technology for 24 months. They measured their weight (in kilograms) before using the technology and 24 months after using the technology. The 237 differences in weight (weight after 24 months minus weight before using the wearable technology) had x = -3.5 and s = 7.8. Let u be the mean weight difference. 41 John M. Jakicic et al., "Effect of wearable technology combined with a lifestyle intervention on long-term weight loss, the IDEA randomized clinical trial," JAMA, 316, 2016, pp. 1161-1171. O Macmillan Learning " What is the test statistic? Give your answer to three decimal places. What is the P-value? The P-value is between 0.01 and 0.05. The P-value is less than 0.0005. O The P-value is between 0.0005 and 0.01. The P-value is greater than 0.05.Albumin is a liver protein that helps circulate vitamins throughout the body. Reduced Albumin has been associated with severe illness with Covid-19 patients. Suppose we wanted to conduct a study to compare the mean Albumin concentration (g/L) between a sample of adult patients hospitalized for Covid 19 (Sample Mean= 32.8, s=6.0) to the mean albumin concentration (g/L) of healthy adults (u=34.1, o=7.13). How many patients would need to enroll from the hospital to conduct this study with 99% confidence, and 80% power? A. 267 B. 120 C. 352 D. 225
- The mortality rate from melanoma (skin cancer) during the 1950s was recorded for each of the 48 contiguous United States, plus Washington, D.C. (as reported by Fisher and Van Belle (1993) and found at http://www.stat.psu.edu/~lsimon/stat501wc/sp05/data/ The following is the scatterplot of the data: Mortality per 10 million 225 200 175 150 125 100- 30 35 Scatter plot 40 Latitude r=-.83 45 50 The plot shows a negative linear relationship between the latitude of the state and melanoma mortality rate. Which of the following is an appropriate interpretation of the negative relationship shown in the scatterplot above? A. O The more southern the state, the more people that died of melanoma. B. O The more southern the state, the higher the melanoma death rate. C. The more northern the state, the higher the melanoma death rate.Suppose that you wish to estimate the difference between mean pH measurements of rainfalls in two different locations, one in relatively unpolluted area and the other in an area subject to heavy air pollution. You want to be 95% confident that the margin of error for the difference between mean pH of rainfalls in relatively unpolluted area and mean pH of rainfalls in an area subject to heavy air pollution will not exceed 0.1 pH. How many rainfalls (pH measurements) must be included in each sample? Assume that the variance of pH measurements in a relatively unpolluted area is equal to 2 = 20, and the variance of pH measurements in an area subject to heavy pollution is equal to 2 = 0.25, and samples will be of equal size (n = n₂ = n). 2 It is supposed that values of pH in rainfalls are normally distributed in polluted and unpolluted areas. The number of rainfalls (pH measurements) that must be included in each sample isIn a summary report given by Ing. Pobbi on the lengths of ironrods produced by two machines, he stated that the variability ofmachine A was higher compared to that of machine B. Critiquethe report of the Engineer given data on the length of rodsproduced given as; MachineA(cm): 380 410 280 310 305 360 270 355 400 Machine B(m): 1.1 1.3 1.2 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.7