The following graph is simulated (but realistic) data from a VO₂max trial of a human athlete running (no gait changes). Estimate and label the following variables: 1. VO₂max 2. Incremental cost of locomotion 3. Maximum aerobic speed 4. RMR + postural costs
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- Calculate the estimated O2 cost of horizontal treadmill running (ml . kg -1 . min -1 ) for a 70-kg subject at 150,200, and 235 m . min -1 .Where necessary calculate the required variables (highlighted in red) on the provided data tables. Gender: Male Age: 22 Height: 177 cm Weight: 93 kg Estimating VO2 max from the 6 minute walk test Table 4. Distance covered in 6-min walk test 721 meters Resting Heart Rate 52 bpm Age 22 -VO2 max (ml/kg/min) = 70.161 + (0.023 x 6MWT [m]) - (0.276 x weight [kg]) - (6.79 x sex, where m = 0, f = 1) - (0.193 × resting HR [beats per minute]) - (0.191 × age [x]). Estimated Max VO2: BIA % Fat: 17.3 % Table 5. Skinfold Measurements of a College Aged Male Participant at 7 Landmark Locations Location Trial 1 (mm) Trial 2 (mm) Trial 3 (mm) Mean (mm) Chest 12 10 N/A Triceps 13 16 14 Abdominal 11 10 N/A Subscapular 17 22 18 Suprailiac 15 16 N/A Midaxillary 22 19 20 Thigh 10 13 12Start by defining RER and explain how and why the resting value is established (think back to bioenergetics). Next, explain how and WHY (again, this requires an understanding of bioenergetics) RER changes as exercise intensity is increased (think VT and RCP). Hints: consider the points where the production of a gas increases drastically and why this occurs. Furthermore, consider that VT is often used to approximate AT. Also keep in mind the endogenous buffering systems.
- These figures show that: S Vor (1-min¹) 30 A 2.5 20 1.5 1.0 0.5 (50) 10 Concentric Eccentric Exercise rate (100) 20 (150) Integrated EMG (counts min) B 600 400 200 (50) 30 10 Mean torque on pedals (Nm) (100) Concentric 20 Exercise rate (200) (150) Eccentric 30 O concentric contractions require more oxygen and more EMG than eccentric contractions O concentric contractions are easier to perform than eccentric contractions O eccentric contractions place a greater demand on the cardiovascular and nervous systems compared to concentric contractions O eccentric contractions use less oxygen but more EMG than concentric contractionsSelect all true statements: Lactate threshold and OBLA are referring to the same thing. VO2max is the single best indicator for cardiorespiratory fitness and overall race performance when comparing two high-level athletes. For predicting success in endurance performance, the best indicators, in order of importance, are VO2max, lactate threshold, exercise effeciency, and muscle fiber type. VO2max is the single best indicator for cardiorespiratory fitness and overall race performance.Your client, Robert, came back from maximal graded exercise testing and told you that his clinical exercise physiologist recommended moderate exercise intensity physical activity. He is 25-year old, healthy, and his maximal VO2 is 35.5ml/kg/min. His body weight is 162lbs. What is the range of the moderate-intensity in terms of %HRR or %VO2R (Hint: 30-39%HRR or VO2R is light intensity)? Calculate moderate intensity using %VO2 Reserve method:
- Muscle Contraction In an experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle contraction are compared. A single motor neuron that synapses with one muscle fibre is observed in this experiment. One end of the muscle fibre is attached to a mass. The following data were obtained from the experiment. Number of Trials Strength of Stimulus (mV) Mass Lifted by Muscle Contraction (g) 1 20 0 2 40 0 3 60 50 4 80 50 5 100 Not Tested 6 120 50 *note that the voltage applied is positive in order to raise potential from resting to threshold Identify the manipulated, responding and controlled variables in the experiment described above. Strength of Stimulus Number of Muscle Fibre Stimulated Mass Lifted by Muscle ContractionA person is performing an exercise routine that would be considered vigorous for them. They are doing 5-minute runs, during an interval style workout. Calculate their RER and energy expenditure for an individual with a VCO2 of 3.8 L/min and a VO2 of 4.2 L/min and a total exercise duration of 25-minutesIn this example, a horse traveling at 2 m/sec will be more likely to Trot, rather than Walk 28 A Walk Trot • Gallop 24 100 20 Gallop 16 50 12 Trot Walk 2 6 2 3 4 5 Running speed (m s-1) Running speed (m s-) True False Rate of oxygen consumption (ml O2 s-1) Millilitres of oxygen consumed to move 1 m
- Muscle Contraction In an experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle contraction are compared. A single motor neuron that synapses with one muscle fibre is observed in this experiment. One end of the muscle fibre is attached to a mass. The following data were obtained from the experiment. Analyze the data and answer the following questions. Number of Trials Strength of Stimulus (mV) Mass Lifted by Muscle Contraction (g) 1 20 2 40 3 60 50 4 80 50 100 Not Tested 120 50 *note that the voltage applied is positive in order to raise potential from resting to threshold Identify the manipulated, responding and controlled variables in the experiment described above. Strength of Stimulus Number of Muscle Fibre Stimulated Mass Lifted by Muscle ContractionA failure of HR to decrease by _________ during the 1st minute or by ______ by the end of the 2nd minute of active post-exercise recovery is strongly associated with an increased risk for ischemic heart disease. Group of answer choices 10 bpm | 22 bpm 10 bpm | 20 bpm 12 bpm | 22 bpm 12 bpm | 20 bpmDescribe the underlying causes of the decrease in V̇ O2 max that occurs with cessation of endurance training.
