The economy of Carlsberg is presently in equilibrium, but is suffering a recession as depicted in the graph below. The central bank of Carlsberg is introducing an expansionary monetary policy to get the economy back to the full-employment level of real GDP. Price index 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 250 270 290 310 330 350 370 390 410 430 Real GDP (in billions) AS AD LAS
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- What is the inflation rate? Year Money supply GDP Assume that the velocity of money is constant. (Write your answer in percentage. If your answer is 0.0222, write 2.22.) 2015 1,200 12,000 2016 1,220 12,550The economy of Carlsberg is presently in equilibrium, but is suffering a recession as depicted in the graph below. The central bank of Carlsberg is introducing an expansionary monetary policy to get the economy back to the full-employment level of real GDP. Price index 160 140 120 100 80 60 380 390 400 410 420 Real GDP (in billions) 430 440 AS AD LAS“The Bank of Zambia’s Monetary Policy Committee has kept the monetary policy rate unchanged for over a year despite inflation being consistently above the 6-8% target range”. DISCUSS
- Question 1 a. Increasing prices erode the purchasing power of the dollar. It is interesting to compute what goods would have cost at some point in the past after adjusting for inflation. Go to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, FRED database website at https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/and find the consumer price index for all urban consumers. What would a car that cost $25,000 today have cost the year 1996? b. Many countries have central banks that are responsible for their nation’s monetary policy. Go to www.bis.org/cbanks.htm and select one of the central banks (for example, ECB, Norway). Review that bank’s Web site to determine its policies regarding application of monetary policy. How does this bank’s policies compare to those of the U.S. central bank?2. Plot the following table on a graph showing average money growth rates on the horizontal axis and average inflation rates on the vertical axis (data is for the period 2002-2012, from the International Monetary Fund. International Financial Statistics). Inflation is measured using the CPI, and the monetary aggregate under consideration is M2. Inflation rate Money growth rate Argentina Bolivia 10.88% 27.92% 3.59% 34.12% Chile 3.20% 12.76% Do these data support the quantity theory of money? Mexico 4.36% 1 11.44%Consider a simple economy that produces only pens. The following table contains information on the economy's money supply, velocity of money, price level, and output. For example, in 2014, the money supply was 100, the price of a pen was $4.00, and the economy produced 500 pens. Fill in the missing values in the following table, rounding to the nearest cent when necessary. Money Supply Price Level Year (Dollars) Velocity of Money 2014 100 (Dollars) 4.00 Quantity of Output (Pens) Nominal GDP (Dollars) 500 2015 101 20 500 The money supply grew at a rate of money 2014 to 2015 was % % from 2014 to 2015. Since pen output did not change from 2014 to 2015 and the velocity of in changes in the price level. The inflation rate from ' the change in the money supply was reflected
- The central bank of Trinidad and Tobago decides to pursue acontractionary monetary policy. Provide a table with the money supply data and inflationrate for Trinidad and Tobago for 2014 - 2019.What is disinflation? What are the two leading causes of inflation? Where online do you find inflation rate data?7. In the Financial Times article "UK businesses expect prices to soar in the coming year" (3 March 2022) we can read: "British businesses expect inflation to rise at its fastest pace for five years, according to a Bank of England survey, [..] the Bank of England have often quoted high business inflation expectations [...] in recent months to support the need for further monetary policy tightening." (a) Explain why the central bank considers business exper decisions on monetary policy. ations when making (b) In February 2022, inflation in the UK was expected to increase to close to 6% in February and March, before peaking at around 7 %% in April. Despite this, the Monetary Policy Committee in the Bank of England increase the policy rate to 0.25% to 0.5%, even if some members recommended an increase to 0.75%. Using the 3-equation model, depict the UK economy in February 2022, and provide some reasons why the Bank of England did not increase the interest rate to 0.75% (or higher).
- Consider a simple economy that produces only pies. The following table contains information on the economy's money supply, velocity of money, price level, and output. For example, in 2019, the money supply was $240, the price of a pie was $7.20, and the economy produced 500 pies. Year Quantity of Money Velocity of Money Price Level Quantity of Output Nominal GDP (Dollars) (Dollars) (Pies) (Dollars) 2019 240 7.20 500 2020 252 15 500 The money supply grew at a rate of from 2019 to 2020. Since pie output did not change from 2019 to 2020 and the velocity of money , the change in the money supply was reflected in changes in the price level. The inflation rate from 2019 to 2020 was .Consider a simple economy that produces only pies. The following table contains information on the economy's money supply, velocity of money, price level, and output. For example, in 2012, the money supply was $280, the price of a pie was $7.00, and the economy produced 600 pies. Fill in the missing values in the following table, rounding to the nearest cent when necessary. Year Quantity of Money Velocity of Money Price Level Quantity of Output Nominal GDP (Dollars) (Dollars) (Pies) (Dollars) 2012 280 2013 294 15 7.00 600 600 The money supply grew at a rate of from 2012 to 2013. Since pie output did not change from 2012 to 2013 and the velocity of money, the change in the money supply was reflected in changes in the price level. The inflation rate from 2012 to 2013 wasSuppose Singsville National Bank lends money to Ari at 1.5% interest. If inflation is 1%, calculate the real interest rate that Ari pays for the loan.Did Singsville National Bank lose or earn money in this exchange?