Summarize the effects of a budget deficit by filling in the following table. Real Interest Rate Real Exchange Rate Trade Balance Effects of a Budget Deficit
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Summarize the effects of a budget deficit by filling in the following table.
Real Interest Rate
Real Exchange Rate
Trade Balance
Effects of a Budget Deficit
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- Explain how a shift from a government budget deficit to a budget surplus might affect the exchange rate.10. If net foreign investments are -250, what are the net exports? Can you draw any conclusions about the budget deficit?1. How could a greater fiscal deficit create a greater trade deficit? 2. What would you do to reduce the deficit? 3. What is the opportunity cost of government spending on servicing the interest on the debt. 4. If the federal government wished to reduce the deficit to any significant degree without raising taxes, where would the reduced spending likely to have to come from? 5. Assume the federal government replaces the federal income tax with a sales tax placed on consumption expenditures. Analyze the impact of this tax change on taxation efficiency and equity.
- 1. Imports, exports, and the trade balanceThe following table shows the approximate value of exports and imports for the United States from 1997 through 2001.Complete the table by calculating the surplus or deficit both in absolute (dollar) terms and as a percentage of GDP. If necessary, round your answers to the nearest hundredth.YearGDPExportsImportsExports – Imports(Billions of dollars)(Billions of dollars)(Billions of dollars)(Billions of dollars)(Percentage of GDP)19978,332.0 954.41,055.8 19988,794.0 953.91,115.7 19999,354.0 989.31,251.4 20009,952.0 1,093.21,475.3 200110,286.0 1,027.71,398.7 Source: “Income, Expenditures, Poverty, & Wealth: Gross Domestic Product (GDP),” United States Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce, last modified September 2011, accessed June 10, 2013, https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2011/compendia/statab/131ed/income-expenditures-poverty-wealth.html. Between 1997 and 1998, the in dollar terms and as a percentage of GDP.4. Analyzing the effects of a trade deficit You have just been hired by the U.S. government to analyze the following scenario. Suppose the U.S. agricultural industry is concerned about the level of fruit and vegetable imports to the United States, a practice that hurts domestic producers. Lobbyists claim that implementing a tariff on imports would shrink the size of the trade deficit. The following exercise will help you to analyze this claim. The following graph shows the demand and supply of U.S. dollars in a model of the foreign-currency exchange market. Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both to show what would happen if the government decided to implement the tariff. REAL EXCHANGE RATE (Units of foreign currency per dollar) QUANTITY OF DOLLARS Given this change, the dollar Supply Change due to a tariff Demand Fill in the following table with the effect of a tariff on the following items: Demand Supply (?) Demand for Loanable Funds Real Interest Rate National Saving Net…4. Analyzing the effects of a trade deficit You have just been hired by the U.S. government to analyze the following scenario. Suppose the U.S. agricultural industry is concerned about the level of fruit and vegetable imports to the United States, a practice that hurts domestic producers. Lobbyists claim that implementing a tariff on imports would shrink the size of the trade deficit. The following exercise will help you to analyze this claim. The following graph shows the demand and supply of U.S. dollars in a model of the foreign-currency exchange market. Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both to show what would happen if the government decided to implement the tariff. Supply IN Demand QUANTITY OF DOLLARS REAL EXCHANGE RATE (Units of foreign currency per dollar) Demand Supply ?
- 4. Analyzing the effects of a trade deficit Suppose the U.S. government has just hired you to analyze the following scenario. Assume the U.S. agricultural industry grows concerned about the amount of fresh fruit imports to the United States, a practice that harms domestic producers. Industry experts claim that implementing a tariff on imports would reduce the size of the trade deficit. Complete the following exercise in order to help you analyze this claim. The following graph shows the demand and supply of U.S. dollars in a model of the foreign-currency exchange market. Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both to show what would happen if the government decided to implement the tariff. REAL EXCHANGE RATE (Units of foreign currency per dollar) Supply QUANTITY OF DOLLARS Demand Demand -0- Supply Ⓡ4. Analyzing the effects of a trade deficit Suppose the U.S. government has just hired you to analyze the following scenario. Assume the U.S. agricultural industry grows concerned about the amount of fresh fruit imports to the United States, a practice that harms domestic producers. Industry experts claim that implementing a tariff on imports would reduce the size of the trade deficit. Complete the following exercise in order to help you analyze this claim. The following graph shows the demand and supply of U.S. dollars in a model of the foreign-currency exchange market. Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both to show what would happen if the government decided to implement the tariff. REAL EXCHANGE RATE (Units of foreign currency per dollar) Supply QUANTITY OF DOLLARS Demand Demand Supply ?Chapter 19 Homework Use the green line (triangle symbol) to show the supply curve in this market before the budget deficit. Then use the purple line (diamond symbol) to show the supply curve after the budget deficit. REAL EXCHANGE RATE Market for Foreign-Currency Exchange 10 -20 -15 -10 2 50- Demand 5 10 15 20 QUANTITY OF DOLLARS (Billions) Summarize the effects of a budget deficit by filling in the following table. Initial Supply Supply with Deficit Real Interest Rate Real Exchange Rate Trade Balance Effects of a Budget Deficit ?
- 4. Analyzing the effects of a trade deficit Suppose the U.S. government has just hired you to analyze the following scenario. Assume the U.S. automobile industry grows concerned about foreign manufacturers exporting fuel-efficient vehicles to the United States, a practice that harms domestic producers. Industry experts claim that implementing a quota on imports would reduce the size of the trade deficit. Complete the following exercise in order to help you analyze this claim. The following graph shows the demand and supply of U.S. dollars in a model of the foreign-currency exchange market. Shift the demand curve, the supply curve, or both to show what would happen if the government decided to implement the quota. REAL EXCHANGE RATE (Units of foreign currency per dollar) Supply QUANTITY OF DOLLARS Given this change, the dollar appreciates Change due to a quota D2 D1 Demand Supply Fill in the following table with the effect of a quota on the following items: Supply of Loanable Funds Real…The exchange rate between the United States dollar and the Japanese yen is determined in a flexible foreign exchange market. A. Assume that Japan is currently in a recession. What fiscal policy action could the Japanese government take to eliminate the recession? B. What would be the effect of the fiscal policy action identified in Part A on interest rates in Japan? C. Draw a correctly labeled graph of the foreign exchange market for the United States dollar. Show on your graph the impact of the change in interest rates identified in Part B on each of the following: i. The supply of United States dollars i. The equilibrium exchange rate of the United States dollar D. What would be the effect of the change in the exchange rate identified in Part Cil on United States imports? E. What would be the effect of the change in United States exports identified in Part D on United States unemployment?16. The macroeconomic view of a trade deficit implies that, other things equal, the imposition of a tariffwill reduce South Africa's trade deficit A Because exports will be promoted and imports cannot possibly changeB Because imports will be reduced and exports cannot possibly changeC Only if the tariff has no impact on South Africa's spending or incomeD Only if the tariff leads to increased income in South Africa relative to its spending