Sputum samples that exhibit the characteristic budding yeast forms are indicative of infection with which of the following? Select one: a. Coccidioides b. Blastomyces c. Paracoccidioides d. Histoplasma
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- A male researcher wanting to determine the pathogenesis of acertain fungus that often attacks women did the followingexperiment on himself. He taped a piece of gauze heavilyinoculated with the fungus to the inside of his thigh and left itthere for several days, periodically moistening it with sterile saline.After a time he experienced a severe skin reaction that resembled aburn and the skin peeled off.a. Suggest a species of fungus that can cause this effect.b. What does this experiment tell you about the factors inpathogenesis related to portal of entry and gender?What is the type of sexual spore (Ascospore or Basidiospore) in: 1. Schizosaccharomyces pombe 2. Rhodotorula rubra 3. Pichia fermentans (if the sexual spore is not present, write N/A)Describe the appearance of an S. agalactiae colony grown on blood agar. Describe how that colony would differ in appearance from a colony of S. pyogenes.
- What is the type of sexual spore (Ascospore or Basidiospore) in: 1.Kluyveromyces marxianus 2. Candida parapsilosis 3.Hansenula anomala (if the sexual spore is not present, write N/A)If human infected with Rickettsia or hydatid cyst is consider as .***** .. O Definitive host O Dead end host Intermediated host Reservoir hostWhy do yeasts generally have to be cultured for longer periods than most bacteria? Can bacteriological media be used for the cultivation of molds? Explain your answer. What is the difference between vegetative and aerial mycelia? What are the three classes of antifungal drugs based on their mechanism/site of action? Describe the mode of action of each class. Name one fungal virulence factors that promote fungal colonization. Explain the mechanism. Name one fungal virulence factors that damage the host. Explain the mechanism.
- Fungal Lab A. Please provide diagrams, significance and benefits (medicinal and food production, etc.) or disease (if any) caused by the following fungi: i. Aspergillus ii. Rhizopus iii. Penicillium B. Please explain how fungi are cultured and observed under the microscope.Aspergillus fumigatus may cause pulmonary mold infections in immunocompromised patients. Which of the following structures causes the tissue destruction in the patients: tissue destruction by enterotoxins tissue destruction by pseudohyphae none of the above apply tissue destruction by cysts tissue destruction by plaque formation tissue destruction by aerial hyphae tissue destruction by vegetative hyphaeWhich of the following cell growth quantification methods would be suitable for mycelial fungi ?a. Direct Microscopic countb. Viable Plate countc. Turbidityd. Cell dry weight
- II. Cultural characteristics of yeasts. Below is the colony diameter for each yeast culture grown on PDA and AcA incubated at 35°C measured at Day 7. Yeast Culture 1.Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2. Schizosaccharomyces pombe 3. Rhodotolura rubra 4. Pichia fermentans 5. Kluyveromyces marxianus 6. Candida parapsilosis 7. Hansenula anomala Colony Diameter (mm) PDA 3.1 2.7 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.8 ACA 1.7 1.5 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.2 1.6 From the data presented above, what could you observe about the growth of the yeast cultures on PDA and AcA? Cite possible reasons behind this.This respiratory mycoses is acquired by inhaling microconidial spores in the air and is not transmitted from human to human. The microbe that causes the disease grows as a filamentous mold in the environment but occurs as a budding yeast during human infections. Select one: a. Pneumocystis jirovecii b. Coccidioides immitis c. Histoplasma capsulatum d. Blastomyces dermatitidisPut the following Penicillium sp. structures in order from nearest to the Sab agar block (1) to furthest from the Sab agar block (4). Septate Hypha Conidiophore Sterigma Conidiospores