Show at what points in time page replacements occur, and which pages are evicted, using the following page replacement algorithms: (a) FIFO (b) LRU
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Imagine a virtual memory system where the RAM can only store two pages at a time. Suppose a program makes the following sequence of page accesses:
At time 0, page 5
At time 1, page 1
At time 2, page 5
At time 3, page 2
At time 4, page 5
At time 5, page 3
At time 6, page 5
At time 7, page 4
Show at what points in time page replacements occur, and which pages are evicted, using the following page replacement
(a) FIFO
(b) LRU
Step by step
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- In a main memory-disk virtual storage system, the page size is 1KByte and the FIFO algorithm is used for page replacements. A given program has been allocated three page frames in the main memory and it makes the following 16 memory references when it starts executing (the addresses are given in decimal):500, 2000, 2500, 800, 4000, 1000, 5500, 1500, 2800, 400, 5000, 700, 2100, 3500, 900, 2400 Fill in the contents of the three page frames after each memory reference in a table and calculate the hit ratio. Hint: denote by 'a' the page consisting of locations 0 through 1023 in memory. Similarly, b: 1024-2047, c: 2048-3071, d: 3072-4095, e: 4096-5119 and f: 5120-6143. Round to three decimal places.In a main memory-disk virtual storage system, the page size is 1KByte and the OPTIMAL algorithm is used for page replacements. A given program has been allocated three page frames in the main memory and it makes the following 16 memory references when it starts executing (the addresses are given in decimal):500, 2000, 2500, 800, 4000, 1000, 5500, 1500, 2800, 400, 5000, 700, 2100, 3500, 900, 2400 Fill in the contents of the three page frames after each memory reference in a table and calculate the hit ratio. Hint: denote by 'a' the page consisting of locations 0 through 1023 in memory. Similarly, b: 1024-2047, c: 2048-3071, d: 3072-4095, e: 4096-5119 and f: 5120-6143. Round to three decimal places.With virtual memory, when a program requests memory,the memory management system does which of the following? Select one: A. It grants the request as long as there is enough physical memory to accommodate B. It looks up the address in the page table. If the address is in memory, then it grants the request. C. It looks up the address in the page table. If the address is in memory, it grants the request. If the address is stored to disk, it writes a section of memory to disk and then transfers the requested virtual memory address from disk to main memory. D. It causes a deadlock to occur.
- ) Consider the following sequence of virtual memory references (in decimal) generatedby a single program in a pure paging system:100, 110, 1400, 1700, 703, 3090, 1850, 2405, 2460, 4304, 4580, 3640a. Derive the corresponding reference string of pages (i.e. the pages the virtual addressesare located on), assuming a page size of 1024 bytes. (Assume that page numberingstarts at 0)b. For the page sequence derived above, determine the number of page faults for each ofthe following page replacement strategies, assuming that two (2) page frames areavailable to the program.i. LRUii. FIFOiii. OPT (Optimal)Following is a mapping of Logical Memory to Physical Memory using a Page Table. You are required to fill the Page Table: Physical Memory 1 Page 5 Logical Memory Page 0 2 Page 2 Page 1 3 Page 4 Page 2 4 Page 3 5 Page 0 Page 4 6 7 Page 1 8 Page 3 Page 5 Page Table 1 3.If a program has 471 bytes and will be loaded into page frames of 126 bytes each, assuming the job begins loading at the first page (Page 0) in memory, and the instruction to be used is at byte 132, answer the following questions: a. How many pages are needed to store the entire job? b. Compute the page number and exact displacement for each of the byte addresses where the desired data is stored.
- Suppose a computer system uses 16-bit addresses for both its virtual and physical addresses. In addition, assume each page (and frame) has size 256 bytes. a) Suppose that the OS uses a two-level page table. Draw the page table. (Assume that frames 7 through 221 are free, so you can allocate space for the page table there.) In addition, suppose that the page-table directory storage comprises a whole number of consecutive full frames. (For examples: if the directory entry is 2 bytes, the entry’s storage comprises 1 frame; if the directory entry is 260 bytes, the entry’s storage comprises 2 consecutive frames.) b) What is the size of the two-level page table c) Now, translate the virtual addresses shown in question I(e) to physical addresses for the two-level page table. Show how you obtain your answers. 0x0389 0xDF78 0x0245 0x8012aton 24 Following is a mapping of Logical Memory to Physical Memory using a Page Table. You are required to fill the Page Table: yet vered Physienl Memery ced out of Logical Mumery Рage 0 Page 1 1 Page 5 2 Page 2 3 Page 4 ag question Рage 2 Page 3 Page 4 5 Page 0 6. 7 Page 1 8 Page 3 Page 5 Page TableAssume a system using paged virtual memory with a page size of 512. Physical memory in this system contains fewer than 512 frames. See the following two code examples: Example 1: int arr[512][512]; // Each row occupies exactly 1 page for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) { for (j = 0; j< 512; j++) { cout << arr[i]]; } Example 2: int arr[512][512]; // Each row occupies exactly 1 page for (i = 0; i< 512; i++) { for (j = 0; j< 512; j++) { cout << arr[j]0); } For each of these examples, give the number of page faults that will occur. Explain the reasoning for your answers. Use the editor to formot your answer
- Giventhe following assignment of some program’s virtual pages to physical pages in a system with 4 KiB byte pages, what physical memory address corresponds to virtual address 20000? (All values are given in decimal.)Main memory size is 16 pages. Size of swap file on hard disk is 64 pages. Operating system locks down pages 0, 1, 2 and 7 in the main memory. Two programs are started and both are provided with a virtual address space of 10 pages. Initially operating system allocates 5 pages of main memory for each program and the rest from swap file. Virtual address space of each program starts from page 0. Construct page tables for both programs at program startup. A page table consists of P-bit which tells if the page is present in the main memory (1 = page is in main memory) and address of the page. Address tells either real address in main memory or the address of the page in swap file. b. A computer with a paged virtual memory system executes two load instructions that are adjacent to each other in memory. Describe the worst case scenario (in terms of performance) that can occur during the execution of the two instructions and explain under which conditions this case occurs. How does this affect…Assume a program of size 460 Bytes, and its virtual address sequence is as following 10 11 104 170 73 309 185 245 246 434 458 364 1.Suppose the page size is 100 Bytes, please write out the reference string. 2.Use the above reference string to calculate the number of page missing using the following algorithms: LRU, FIFO, OPT. We suppose the page frame is initially empty, and there is a total of 200 Bytes of physical memory.