Shapes of Molecules Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, abbreviated VSEPR, but pronounced VESPER, provides a method for predicting the molecular geometries (shapes) of molecules. The theory is based on the fact the electrons in bonds repel each other. There are three types of repulsions: nonbonding-nonbonding, nonbonding - bonding, and bonding- bonding pair repulsions. The repulsion between the electron pairs on the central atom ultimately determines the molecular geometry (shape) of the molecule. It is important to be confident in drawing Lewis structures before applying VSEPR theory. If the central atom contains more than 3 electron groups than the molecule will be three-dimensional. To draw the 3D-molecule on paper, solid and broken wedges are used. A solid wedge represents a bond coming out of the plane of paper on pointing towards the viewer. A broken wedge represents bond pointing away from the paper, that is, away from the viewer. # of e Groups on Central Atom e Group Geometry Perspective Drawing Molecular Geometry (Shape) Approximate Bond Angle 180 Linear Linear 180° 120 3 Trigonal Planar Trigonal Planar 120° 1 lone pair Bent 105.5° 105.5 109.5 Tetrahedral Tetrahedral 109.5° Trigonal Pyramidal 1 lone pair 107.5° 107.5° 105.5 2 lone pairs Bent 105.5°
Shapes of Molecules Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, abbreviated VSEPR, but pronounced VESPER, provides a method for predicting the molecular geometries (shapes) of molecules. The theory is based on the fact the electrons in bonds repel each other. There are three types of repulsions: nonbonding-nonbonding, nonbonding - bonding, and bonding- bonding pair repulsions. The repulsion between the electron pairs on the central atom ultimately determines the molecular geometry (shape) of the molecule. It is important to be confident in drawing Lewis structures before applying VSEPR theory. If the central atom contains more than 3 electron groups than the molecule will be three-dimensional. To draw the 3D-molecule on paper, solid and broken wedges are used. A solid wedge represents a bond coming out of the plane of paper on pointing towards the viewer. A broken wedge represents bond pointing away from the paper, that is, away from the viewer. # of e Groups on Central Atom e Group Geometry Perspective Drawing Molecular Geometry (Shape) Approximate Bond Angle 180 Linear Linear 180° 120 3 Trigonal Planar Trigonal Planar 120° 1 lone pair Bent 105.5° 105.5 109.5 Tetrahedral Tetrahedral 109.5° Trigonal Pyramidal 1 lone pair 107.5° 107.5° 105.5 2 lone pairs Bent 105.5°
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach
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ISBN:9781305079250
Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed Peters
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Chapter13: Structure And Shape
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 67E
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Transcribed Image Text:Shapes of Molecules
Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, abbreviated VSEPR, but pronounced VESPER, provides a
method for predicting the molecular geometries (shapes) of molecules. The theory is based on the fact the
electrons in bonds repel each other. There are three types of repulsions: nonbonding - nonbonding, nonbonding
- bonding, and bonding - bonding pair repulsions. The repulsion between the electron pairs on the central
atom ultimately determines the molecular geometry (shape) of the molecule. It is important to be confident
in drawing Lewis structures before applying VSEPR theory. If the central atom contains more than 3 electron
groups than the molecule will be three-dimensional. To draw the 3D-molecule on paper, solid and broken
wedges are used. A solid wedge represents a bond coming out of the plane of paper on pointing towards the
viewer. A broken wedge represents bond pointing away from the paper, that is, away from the viewer.
# of e Groups
on Central Atom
Molecular
e Group
Geometry
Perspective
Drawing
Geometry
(Shape)
Approximate
Bond Angle
180
Linear
Linear
180°
120 °
X.
Trigonal Planar
Trigonal Planar
120°
1 lone pair
Bent
105.5°
105.5
109.5 o
Tetrahedral
4
Tetrahedral
109.5°
Trigonal
Pyramidal
1 lone pair
107.5°
107.5°
105.5 °
2 lone pairs
Bent
105.5°
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