Question 4: The isohyets due to a storm in a watershed were calculated and the areas bounded by the isohyets were tabulated as below: Isohyets (inch) Area (mi^2) 10-8 30 8-6 140 4-6 80 2-4 180 0-2 20 Estimate the mean rainfall over the basin

Question 4: The isohyets due to a storm in a watershed were calculated and the areas bounded by the isohyets were tabulated as below: Isohyets (inch) Area (mi^2) 10-8 30 8-6 140 4-6 80 2-4 180 0-2 20 Estimate the mean rainfall over the basin

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Precipitation

Precipitation forms the basis of the water cycle on the Earth. The air is packed with water molecules in the form of moisture or water vapor. This water vapor usually rises to the atmosphere due to density differences. Precipitation represents any form of water, in liquid form or frozen form that forms in the earth's atmosphere. The water vapor up in the atmosphere condenses due to low temperature and it leads to the formation of clouds. The water vapor that forms clouds on account of condensation, is preferably known as cloud droplet. These cloud droplets when become heavy and can no longer sustain the weight of condensed water droplets, they come to the Earth in the form of rain, snow, ice pellets, and hail. Precipitation patterns, evaporation, and condensation are the three parameters that decide the global water cycle, climate change, and weather. Additionally, smoke and dust particles are equally important parameters for precipitation, as they provide the surface area for the water vapors to get condensed and to form water droplets. So they are known as condensation nuclei. The presence of other pollutants in the air also serves as condensation nuclei. Precipitation always results in the pure water supply to earth, as the salt from the seawater does not evaporate with the water.

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Q2. Lines delineating a particular measurement are drawn within the watershed. Precipitation data and the area in between each isohyet are shown in the table below. Estimate the average precipitation within this watershed. Isohyetal line (cm) Area (cm²) 30 - 40 40 - 50 50 - 60 60 - 70 70 - 80 80 - 90 90-100 32 162 155 92 228 120 65
A watershed covering 28.16 mi2 has a system of seven rainfall gages, as shown on the map in the Figure. Using the total storm rainfall depths given in the accompanying table, determine the average rainfall over the watershed using: (a) arithmetic averaging and (b) the Thiessen polygon method. Gage ABCDEFG А с P₁ (in.) 5.13 6.74 9.00 6.01 5.56 4.98 4.55 A₁ (mi²) 1.74 6.70 1.77 13.02 0.83 2.68 1.42 28.16 B. . E 1 in. = 3.9 mi .F . G
Question 3: Use both of Arithmetic Mean and Thiessen Polygon Methods to calculate the areal rainfall intensity for the watershed given below in (cm) (Inside the black box only) 4 6.0 1 Station No. Intensity (cm.) 2 4 3 5 1 5.0 2 3.0 3 4.0 5 7.0
A watershed with an area approximated by a circle of diameter 100 km. Five raingage stations are distributed over the watershed to record the precipitation data. The coordinates of the five stations and the center of the watershed and the annual precipitation records during the year 2020 are given in the table below: Centre: (100, 100) Diameter: 100 km. Distance are in km Station 1 3 4 Coordinates (30, 80) (70, 100) (100, 140) (130, 100) (100, 70) Precipitation (cm) 85.0 135.2 95.3 146.4 102.2 Your job is to compute the average annual precipitation using Thiessen polygon method.
A watershed has five rain gauge stations. In a year, the annual rainfall recorded by rain gauges are 115.5, 106.8, 125.4, 95.6 and 90.4 cm. For a 5% error in estimation of mean rainfall, the number of additional gauges required are (in integer).
A watershed has five non-recording rain gauges, installed in its area. The amount of rainfall recorded for one of the years is given below: Rain gauge station | || ||| IV V Annual rainfall in cm 100 120 190 95 125 Find the required optimum number of non-recording and recording rain gauges for this watershed. Assume an error of 10% in the estimation of mean rainfall.
(b) Accumulated rainfall on seven (7) successive hours in a catchment were measured as 7, 15, 60, 81.5, 97.6, 120 and 120 cm. If the total runoff at the outlet was 15 cm, quantify the p-index. The annual rainfall record for station X and the average annual rainfall for three (3) nearby stations are shown in TABLE Q5(c). Test the uniformity of rainfall records for station X using double mass curve method, identify which year the inconsistency in the data starts and the correction factor. (c)
The eight-hour unit hydrograph (UH) of a watershed having a drainage area equal to 334.08 km² is as follows: Time (h) UH (cms/cm) 0 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 2.40 17.45 45.30 24.90 12.30 8.75 56 4.90 For a storm over the watershed having excess rainfall of 12 cm for the first eight hours and 30 cm for the second eight hours, and assuming a constant baseflow of 150 cms, determine the following: a) the total direct runoff hydrograph (DRH, m³/s), b) the total volume of direct runoff hydrograph (m²), c) the depth of direct runoff hydrograph (cm),
What is the Duration of Effective Rainfall (Duration of the Unit Hydrograph)?
A catchment is idealized as a 30km × 30km square. It has four rain gauges as . During a month, the precipitation at these gauges is measured as A=(309) mm, B=(292) mm, C=(279) mm and D=(297) mm. Compute the average precipitation (in mm, up to one decimal place) over the catchment during this month by using the Thiessen polygon method. [11]A BD C
A circular watershed with 50 kilometer radius with 5 rain guages station, 1 is outside the boundary of the watershed, the other 4 are inside the boundary of the watershed. Using arithmetic mean and theisen polygon method compute for the mean areal precipitation of the area. Watershed center at 100, 100 coordinates RGS Coordinate Rainfall (mm) 1 (30,80) 650 2 (70, 100) 1428 3 (100, 140) 963 4 (130, 100) 1534 5 (100, 70) 1011
Test yourself! Calculate average rainfall for this catchment. Zone 1 2 3 4 total *Answers will be provided at the end of this video Area (km²) 350 300 250 100 1000 30 35 27 30 34 ● 39 40 42.