Question 4 Figure 12-2 Price K MSC MPC D Quantity Refer to Figure 12-2, which represents a hypothetical market for steel. At the socially optimal output level, what is the PSOCIAL equal to? O a.00 O b.GH O COH O d.OF
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- A country called Sherwood is very heavily covered with a forest of 50,000 trees. There are proposals to clear some of Sherwoods forest and grow com, but obtaining this additional economic output will have an environmental cost from reducing the number of trees. Table 12.11 shows possible combinations of economic output and environmental protection. Sketch a graph of a production possibility frontier with environmental quality on the horizontal axis, measured by the number of trees, and the quantity of economic output, measured in corn, on the vertical axis. Which choices display productive efficiency? How can you tell? Which choices show allocative efficiency? How can you tell? In the choice between T and R, decide which one is better. Why? In the choice between T and S, can you say which one is better, and why? If you had to guess, which choice would you think is more likely to represent a command-and-control environmental policy and which choice is more likely to represent a market-oriented environmental policy, choice Q or S? Why?In what ways (it) company investments in research and development create positive externalities?The following graph represents the market for high-emissions cars. Answer this question assuming that the externality is not internalised. Price of high tmissiens velides Sorial Value &, Quantity of high imissions vehidles What is the social cost of the last unit traded in the market? O P1 O P2 O P3 OP4 O OO0
- the socially optimal price? place the line segment labled pollution limit In accordance with the 1990 Clean Air Act, the hypothetical state of South Smog imposes a pollution limit on the market for steel manufacturing shown on the graph below. Place the line segment labeled "Pollution limit" at the optimal pollution limit. Price and cost ($ per ton) 10 A Pollution limit B 9 Marginal social cost 8 7 4 2 1 0 о D Marginal cost Demand = marginal benefit 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16. 18 20 Quantity in thousands of tonsASAP plz Why don't people/stores make different decisions? Cost is a factor: a case of foam take-out containers costs $25, compared with $58 for paper and recyclable-plastics. How does this affect the firm's profit? Are consumers willing to pay more? Negative externality Consider the demand and supply given above. Suppose there is an external cost given by MEC=5Q. Find social equilibrium price and quantity. Draw a graph and label both private and social equilibrium.Complete the table below, show necessary forumlas Quantity TC TVC AFC ATC MC AVC 1 200 2 100 3 20 4 240 5 24 6 660 160
- Suppose that a mayor of a large city believes strongly that education provides great benefits to the community andurges the state government to provide the district with more money. An economist would say that this reflects theMayor's belief that:Asince teachers are overpaid, the district needs more money to hire enough teachers for its classrooms.Bthere are positive external benefits associated with education.Cthere are nontrivial external costs associated with education.Dpublic schools provide a higher quality education than private schools.Reler to the producton possbity frortier below tor a town that produces Ice creams and Jelly beans. The maximum amount of loe creame is 50o0 with no Jety besne, or 20,000 Jely beans with no loe creams CREAMS 20,000 Answer brietly these TWO questions in the box space provided below Part A Assuming efficient production, derive the maximum amount of Jelly beans that can be produced along with 300 loe creams * Show your steps. Part Determine if the production point is feasible and efficient Ice creams 250, Jely beans = 8.000. Show your stepsThis graph represents the tobacco industry. IPrice 16 14 Social Cost 12 10 Private Cost 8 6 4 Demand 200 500 650 Quantity a) Without any government intervention, what is the market determined price and quantity? b) What is the price of the externality? c) What is the socially optimal price and quantity? d) What should the government do (impose a tax or provide a subsidy) to internalize this externality? What is the amount of the the corrective tax/subsidy needed to be to move the outcome from the market equilibrium to the socially-optimal outcome?
- urco Use the chart below to answer the following question. The Socially Optimal Quantity of Pollution Select one: O a. $83 O b. $250 O c. $500 O d. $167 Marginal social cost, marginal social benefit $500 250 167 0 MSC MSB 83 125 Quantity of pollution The chart above shows the marginal social cost (MSC) and marginal social benefit (MSB) of pollution. Using the information provided in the figure, we can conclude the optimal Pigouvian tax per unit of pollution is:Four roommates are planning to spend the weekendin their dorm room watching old movies, and theyare debating how many to watch. Here is theirwillingness to pay for each film:Dwayne Javier Salman ChrisFirst film $7 $5 $3 $2Second film 6 4 2 1Third film 5 3 1 0Fourth film 4 2 0 0Fifth film 3 1 0 0a. Within the dorm room, is the showing of a moviea public good? Why or why not?b. If it costs $8 to stream a movie, how many moviesshould the roommates stream to maximize totalsurplus?c. If they choose the optimal number from part (b)and then split the cost of streaming the moviesequally, how much surplus does each personobtain from watching the movies?d. Is there any way to split the cost to ensure thateveryone benefits? What practical problems doesthis solution raise?e. Suppose they agree in advance to choose theefficient number and to split the cost of the moviesequally. When Dwayne is asked his willingness topay, will he have an incentive to tell the truth? Ifso, why? If not, what will he…cap-and-trade and windfall profitsA city called Seoul is suffering from high concentrations of mercury in the air, caused by burningcoal in power plants. There are two of these plants close to the city. The city’s mayor wants touse cap-and-trade to reduce emissions to a reportedly “safe” level of 60 tons. The two firms havethe following marginal benefits of emissions: MB1 = 100 – 2e1, MB2 = 25 – 0.5e2.a. How much mercury will each firm emit? What allowance price will prevail in themarket?Firm 2 hires a smart lobbyist who convinces the government that its profits are relatively low andthat it therefore deserves a generous allowance allocation. The government agrees and allocatesa1 = 20 allowances to firm 1 (for free) and a2 = 40 allowances to firm 2 (for free).b. What are the firms’ profits? Do any of the firms earn windfall profits? [Hint: compareprofits with and without regulation.] Windfall profits have been sharply criticized by consumer advocacy groups and politicians.c. What can…