Question 3: i. Define the normalized frequency for optical fiber and explain its use in the determination of the number of guided modes propagating within a step-index fiber. ii. A step-index fiber in the air has a numerical aperture of 0.16, a core refractive index of1.45, and a core diameter of 60 µm. Determine: a. The number of guided modes propagating in the fiber when the light at a wavelength of 0.9 μm is transmitted.

Question 3: i. Define the normalized frequency for optical fiber and explain its use in the determination of the number of guided modes propagating within a step-index fiber. ii. A step-index fiber in the air has a numerical aperture of 0.16, a core refractive index of1.45, and a core diameter of 60 µm. Determine: a. The number of guided modes propagating in the fiber when the light at a wavelength of 0.9 μm is transmitted.