Q5 In a two-period model, suppose that a consumer's utility function is: U(C₁, C₂) = log(c₁) + log(c₂) where c₁, c₂ are the consumption of a good (orange) in the two periods. Let the endowment real income in the two periods be 2, 1 respectively. determined in the equilibrium. Assume that all
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- In a two-period model, suppose that a consumer's utility function is: U(C₁, C₂) = log(c₁) + log(c₂) where C₁, C₂ are the consumption of a good (orange) in the two periods. Let the endowment real income in the two periods be 2, 1 respectively. The real interest rate is unknown and is to be determined in the equilibrium. Assume that all consumers are identical. ** Part a Solve the demand for C₁ given any real interest rate r*. ** Part b Find the level of the real interest rate such that the market clears in Period 1.Consider the household model that you have seen in class but now assume that the goal of the household is to consume twice as much in period 2 as in period 1. She earns $100 in the first period and $150 in the second period. The interest rate is 5%. What is her optimal saving in the first period? Note: Type in your answer approximated to two decimal points, i.e., your answer must be of the form "999.99". I will not be able to fix correct answers that were entered incorrectly, such as "999.999" or "999,99" or "999". In case the last digit in the correct answer is zero, e.g., "999.90" or "999.00", Blackboard will automatically delete it and you should not do anything about it.Consider an OLG model in which people live for 3 periods. There is only one consumption good. People are endowed with 5 units of the consumption good when young and nothing in the other two periods of life. Assume that households want to consume the same quantity of goods in each period, i.e. C1 C2 C3. Population does not grow (n=1). Households can save for the next periods in two ways. By holding cash, or by buying capital, kt. Capital may be created from a unit of the consumption good. There is no inflation in the economy, so the (gross) return to cash is one (if you invest 1 today in cash, you get 1 tomorrow). The (gross) return to capital takes 2 periods and it is two (if you invest one 1, you get 2 two periods later). Initially, we assume that nobody is willing to lend (there are no banks!). Furthermore, capital cannot be exchanged for goods or cash: it is illiquid. 1) What is the optimal investment in the first period? How much is the demand for cash Now assume there are banks…
- In an intertemporal optimizing model consumption, a consumer living from time zero (0) to time t has a longer utility: U (C)= ln C. The market interest rate is r and the consumer is assuming no inheritance. Derive the consumption relationship and the marginal utilities between two adjacent periods. Using a diagram, explain the time profiles of paths based on (i) above. Show that consumption is proportional to the present value of future income at time zero (0) at a given interest rate.Consider an economy where individuals live for two periods only. Their utility function over consumption in periods 1 and 2 is given by U = 2 log(C1) + 2 log(C2), where C1 and C2 are period 1 and period 2 consumption levels respectively. They have labor income of $100 in period 1 and labor income of $50 in period 2. They can save as much of their income in period 1 as they like in bank accounts, earning interest rate of 5 percent per period. They have no bequest motive, so they spend all their income before the end of period 2. a. What is each individual’s lifetime budget constraint? If they choose consumption in each period so as to maximize their lifetime utility subject to their lifetime budget constraint, what is the optimal consumption in each period? How much do the consumers save in the first period? b. Suppose that the government introduces a social security system that will take $10 from each individual in period 1, put it in a bank account, and transfer it back to…In Irving Fisher’s two period model, if the consumer is initially a saver and the interestrate and the first period consumption increases, then we can conclude that the incomeeffect:a) Was greater than the substitution effectb) Was less than substitution effectc) Exact offset the substitution effectd) And the substitution effect both increased consumption
- A consumer's consumption-utility function for a two period horizon is 0.5 U(Cg,G) =C,G" he consumer's earned income stream is given by mo, m1 and the market rate of interest is r. a) Write the intertemporal budget constraint in present value terms. If the consumer does not consume anything in peripd 0, what is the most she can consume in period 1? b) Draw a graph that shows optimal consumption in each period co* and c1*. What is the slope of her budget line? c) Solve the problem for optimal consumption in each period co* and c;*. d) Suppose mọ is S50 and mị is S110 and r = 0.1. Is the consumer a borrower or a lender? Show this outcome by drawing co*. C1*, mo, mį, and bond-holdings on your graph.Consider the 2-period household model that you have seen in class. Suppose the household wants to consume equal amounts in both periods. She earns $100 in the first period and $150 in the second period. The interest rate depends on whether she saves or borrows. The interest rate on saving is 1%, while the interest rate on borrowing is 10%. What is her optimal consumption? Note: Type in your answer approximated to two decimal points, i.e., your answer must be of the form "999.99". I will not be able to fix correct answers that were entered incorrectly, such as "999.999" or "999,99" or "999". In case the last digit in the correct answer is zero, e.g., "999.90" or "999.00", Blackboard will automatically delete it and you should not do anything about it.Q7: An individual lives for only two periods and has preferences given by the follow- ing intertemporal utility function: U = lng + aln(1-h₁) + B[lno₂+ a ln(1 — h₂)] (1) where, c₁, c₂ denotes consumption in period 1 and period 2 respectively h₁, h₂ denote the labour supply in period 1 and 2 respectively. Therefore 1-h is the amount of leisure time in period 1. The term 3 is the discount factor. The problem of the individual at period 1 is to choose consumption in both periods and labour supply in both periods subject to the following budget constraints: +8= why and 0₂= w₂h₂ + (1+r)s where s denote the saving, w denotes the wates and r denotes the real interest rate. (a) Provide an economic interpretation of the two budget constraints written above. (b) Combine the two budget constraints written above and prove the economic interpretation of of life time budget constraint. (c) Set the Lagrangean function and find the first order conditions with respect to C₁ C₂, hi and h₂. (d) Find the…
- Consider an economy with two periods (interpreted as “when young” and “when old” periods)and two consumers, Gillian Davis and Joana Wolinsky. Gillian is a star ballet dancer with a lifetime income given by ωG= (400,0). Joana is an Econ Ph.D. student with incomeωJ= (0,400). Gillian and Joana have identical utility functions given by Ui(x1,x2) = 6 lnx1+ 3 lnx2 for i=G, J a) Plot an Edgeworth box and mark the initial endowment point. b) Write the general definition of Pareto efficient allocation (one sentence) and give the equivalent condition in terms of MRS (give formula). Check if this condition is satisfied for initial endowments. c) Derive the contract curve (write down the appropriate conditions and solve for the curve) and depict it in the Edgeworth box. d) Suppose Gillian and Joana can “trade” consumption in both periods at pricesp1,p2. Find the competitive equilibrium (6 numbers) and depict the equilibrium allocation in the Edgeworth box. e) Using the MRS condition from part b),…Assume that there are N individuals, indexed by i=1,.,N. One of them, individual i, derives positive utility from her own consumption (denote by c), from her consumption in relation to the average consumption of everybody else (the other N-1 individuals), and from her charitable donations (denote by d). Assume an exogenous income level I. a) Write down a utility function that can represent individual i's preferences. b) Write down (without solving) the consumer's maximization problem. c) Discuss (in brief) whether you think that this utility function is preferable to the standard one and justify your answer.Consider the model where an individual has wealth k which they can either save or consume. If they save it, they receive a fixed and exogenous return r. The instantaneous utility function is given by: u(c, k) = c + a(k) where c is consumption, k is wealth, and a(k) is a function that defines the utility that an individual gets from holding wealth. The growth in wealth is given as the returns on wealth rk, plus income from working z(t), minus consumption c(t). a. Write out the differential equation for wealth. b. For an infinite time model, set up the optimal control problem with discounting at a rate 8. c. Write the current-valued Hamiltonian of this problem. d. Derive the steady-state level of consumption.