Introduction
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has established a system of nomenclature to standardize the naming of organic compounds.
The system is based on the Carbon skeleton of the compound, starting from the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms. Each carbon atom in the chain is uniquely numbered, beginning with the end nearest the functional group or substituents.
The substituents are identified by their prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes are used for substituents that occur at the start of the chain, while suffixes are used for substituents that occur at the end of the chain.
The functional groups are identified using their IUPAC names and are listed in alphabetical order.
Once the main chain and the substituents have been named, the IUPAC name of the compound can be written according to the following formula:
[Prefix] – [Main Chain]-[Functional Group Suffix] – [Substituent Suffix]
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