Provide an overview of the four abstraction layers that make up TCP/IP. ii) Speculate on a scenario where two computers are transferring a video file via an unencrypted ftp connection using a weak TCP three-way handshake.
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Provide an overview of the four abstraction layers that make up TCP/IP. ii) Speculate on a scenario where two computers are transferring a video file via an unencrypted ftp connection using a weak TCP three-way handshake.
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- Both TCP and UDP are separate protocols that may be contrasted with one another. Give us an example of two circumstances in which you, as a software architect, might choose to make use of TCP rather than UDP.ii)Detail the four abstraction layers that make up TCP/IP. ii) Provide a scenario in which two computers share a video file via an unencrypted ftp connection using a weak TCP three-way handshake.Assignment 5: Both TCP and UDP are widely used IP transfer layer protocols. For applications requiring reliable transfers, TCP is generally preferred, while applications that value throughput more than reliability are best served using UDP. Most TCP/IP stacks provide both protocols, so the application can use whichever transfer protocol is more appropriate, even changing from one to the other as desired. Rather than rely solely on TCP, the network system developer might want to investigate the trade-offs related to use of UDP. Based upon the analysis list out why Some TCP/IP Applications Use UDP?
- Both TCP and UDP are separate protocols that may be contrasted with one another. Give us an example of two situations in which you, as a software architect, might choose to make use of TCP rather than UDP.4. The original HTTP protocol used TCP/IP as the underlying protocol. For each page, graphic, or applet, a separate TCP connection was constructed, used, and terminated. This caused several problems: one referred to as the elephant and mice problem and two aspects of connection overhead. Describe both problems. Why were separate connections used? Would UDP rather than TCP be a good alternative? What solution would you propose to these problems to improve HTTP performance?The four TCP/IP abstraction layers are as follows; please describe them in detail.
- TCP / IP uses the client-server communication model, in which a user or computer (a client) receives a service (such as sending a web page) from another computer (a server) on the network. In short, the TCP / IP protocol suite is classified as stateless, which means that each client request is considered new because it has nothing to do with previous requests. Being stateless, network routes are released so that they can be used continuously. Answer the following questions briefly. How does resource reservation work in the TCP / IP model? Which TCP / IP layer is responsible to reserve resources across a network using the TCP / IP model? What protocol assigns an IP address to the client connected to the Internet? Checksum is used by various protocols on the Internet, but not at the one of TCP / IP Explain.ii) Describe the four abstraction levels of TCP and IP.ii) Describe a hypothetical circumstance in which two different computer computers are collaborating to share a video file by means of an unsecured ftp connection with a potentially insecure TCP three-way handshake.1. What is the difference between packet fragmentation (i.e., at network layer) and frame frag- mentation (i.e., at link layer) in terms of purpose? 2. Suppose that host A is connected to a router R1, R1 is connected to another router, R2, and R2 is connected to host B. Suppose that a TCP message that contains 800 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header is passed to the IP function at host A for delivery to B. Show the Total length, DF, MF, and Fragment offset fields of the IP header in each packet transmitted over the three links. (Assume that link A-R1 can support a maximum frame size of 1024 bytes including a 14-byte frame header, link R1-R2 can support a maximum frame size of 512 bytes, including an 8-byte frame header, and link R2-B can support a maximum frame size of 432 bytes including a 12-byte frame header.) (*hint: the Fragment offset field is denominated by 8-bytes, not bytes) 3. What is the purpose of the path MTU discovery process (see textbook Figure 5-42) and why does…
- Consider a TCP connection between Host A and Host B and the transmission of a large file from A to B. If the buffer of host B is significantly smaller than the size of the buffer of host A and the file itself, what would be outcome?13 The figure shows a TCP transaction. Assume Host A always has data to send, and each packet has size 20 Bytes. Assume Host A has a send window of 80 Bytes, that is, it can send four "in-flight" packets maximum. Answer the following questions. Host A Host B Seq-80, 20 bytes of data Seq=100, 20 bytes of data X ACK #1 ACK #2 ACK #3 (A) What are the ACK numbers for ACK #1, #2, and #3? 1. ACK #1: 2. ACK #2: 3. ACK #3: (B) When ACK #1 is received, will Host A send out any packets? 1. Yes or No? 2. If yes, how many packets will be sent, and what are their sequence numbers? 3. Number of packets: 4. Sequence numbers: 5. If No, why not? (C) When ACK #2 is received, will Host A send out any packets? 1. Yes or No? 2. If yes, how many packets will be sent, and what are their sequence numbers? 3. Number of packets: 4. Sequence numbers: 5. If No, why not? (D) When ACK #3 is received, will Host A send out any packets? 1. Yes or No? 2. If yes, how many packets will be sent, and what are their…Provide an example of a protocol at each of the TCP/IP model layers, for example that you have used in the above. Also give an example of overhead added in each of these protocols, e.g. a field in the protocol header. If possible, provide information on the maximum size of each packet, and the size of the header, of each of these example protocols.