Q: What component of the gram-negative cell has endotoxinproperties?
A: Endotoxins are part of the outer membrane of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxin is…
Q: Why must the antitoxin be administered in the earliest phases of botulism?
A: BOTULISMBotulism is a disease condition caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. It is an…
Q: What makes Bacillus particularly difficult to kill either by physical or chemical means?
A: Bacillus are aerobic bacteria that are road shaped; they are gram positive and with passing agent…
Q: does Neisseria Gonorrhoeae form spores?
A: Some bacterial cells produce endospores that are dormant structures capable of withstanding extreme…
Q: why is Trypanosoma harmful?
A: Trypanosoma belongs to phylum Euglenozoa and class kinetoplastea. Its genus is Trypanosoma. They are…
Q: Why is staining of stool samples very important in identifying parasites?
A: In this question it is to describe that why is staining of stool samples very important in…
Q: What is the ZOI for this antibiotic disk? GM 10 2. cm 1.1 mm 2.1 mm 11 mm 21 mm
A: Introduction: Antibiotic sensitivity testing is a method of determining a bacteria's susceptibility…
Q: What is the drug of choice for patient who had S. Aureus culture? Why?
A: Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for a wide range of symptoms and illnesses. Penicillin is the…
Q: How does helicobacter pylori survive the acidic pH of the stomach? thank you
A: According to the question, we have to explain how helicobacter pylori survive the acidic PH of the…
Q: what is the culture media of salmonella typhi
A: Salmonella typhi is the causative organism of typhoid in human beings. It belongs to the family…
Q: Why might the Yersinia pestis from a patient with pneumonic plague be more dangerous than the same…
A: Bacteria are the most important microorganisms to the food processor. Some bacteria are beneficial…
Q: What is the principle of the coagulase test result? How does coagulase contribute to the virulence…
A: Coagulase test is used to detect whether the microbes present in media produce coagulase or not.
Q: Why might members of Campylobacter not be isolated from a stoolspecimen in a diagnostic laboratory?
A: Efficient Detection of pathogenic organisms ensures the success of laboratory techniques. It is…
Q: Salmonella typhi is a facultative anaerobe. Explain comprehensively.
A: The group Enterobacteriaceae includes the genus Salmonella, which consists of microorganisms linked…
Q: Haemophilus infl uenzae is................ and requires special................. for growth. a.…
A: Haemophilus infl uenzae is................ and requires special................. for growth.
Q: What medical conditions commonly predispose patients to mycoticinfection?
A: Fungi are the multicellular eukaryotic organisms. They are heterotrophs and contain chitin in their…
Q: What function does the capsule have for Streptococcus mutans?
A: The capsule is the extracellular gel-like layer that surrounds the outside of cell wall of many…
Q: Is Bacillus cereus pathogenic?
A: Bacillus Cereus bacteria commensal or pathogenic to foods
Q: Explain why Legionella pneumophila might be considered an ‘accidental’ human pathogen.
A: Pathogens are disease-causing organisms that can cause humans to become ill or die depending on the…
Q: Describe the virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori.
A: Helicobacter pylori is a highly motile, gram-negative bacteria. These bacteria are mainly involved…
Q: Why does Balantidium coli have the greatest clinical impact? What and how will you eradicate this…
A: Balantidium coli is parasitic species which causes diseases .It belongs to domain Eukaryota,phylum…
Q: What would you expect to see microscopically from a scraping of thewhite patch? Describe other…
A: Candidiasis is an infection caused by the yeast Candida. It normally lives on the skin and inside…
Q: Which common hospital pathogen is able to grow abundantly in soap dishes?
A: The most common type of the prokaryotes is bacteria. They are found in every existing environment on…
Q: A patient suspected to have a UTI infection had a metallic green growth on EMB agar and also had…
A: The correct option for the answer is Option B E.coli The positive test on Blood agar suggested that…
Q: On blood agar whattype of hemolysis. wouldmicrococcuscoseus.have? aBor of it a
A: Micrococcus roseus shows Gamma hemolysis on bloodcagar
Q: Name two methods of control of growth for Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogen in a patient with the…
A: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted mainly via airborne particles known as droplet nuclei,…
Q: What is Plasmodium falciparum?
A: Protozoans are single celled eukaryotic organisms. They can be free living or parasitic, which feed…
Q: Motile spiroplasmas cannot contain a normal bacterialflagellum; why?
A: Flagella helps in movement of the bacteria, motility.
Q: What is the optimum growth temperature for most human pathogens? Explain.
A: Bacterial growth is the division of one bacterium into two daughter cells in a process called binary…
Q: What is unusual about the organism Pyrolobus fumarii?
A: Microbes are the tiny organisms which are unable to see with the naked eye. Microbes are…
Q: What precautions can be taken to prevent rickettsial infections?
A: Rickettsial diseases and related contaminations, (for example, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and Q…
Q: What is the gram reaction, oxygen requirement, size, incubation period and number of days being…
A: Mucormycosis represents a group of life-threatening infections caused by fungi of the order…
Q: Why are there fewer clinically effective antifungal andantiparasitic agents than antibacterial…
A: Antifungal agents or medications are the drugs or pharmaceuticals that either kill or inhibit the…
Q: What antibiotic treats shigella flexneri?
A: Microbes, which are tiny and nearly invisible, have had a huge influence on society since the…
Q: Discuss the identification and infectious process of C. diphtheria. Describe the significance and…
A: Identification of C. Diphtheria. Basic tests for C. Diphtheria identification…
Q: What microbe requires serum components to be added to the growth medium?
A: Introduction Microorganisms:- An organism that can be seen only through a microscope, They live in…
Q: What is virulence factor in microbiology?
A: The molecules produced by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that enable them to invade host,…
Q: What are the major virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis?
A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that have an undefined nucleus and nuclear membrane. Most of the…
Q: What do Gram positive bacteria generally possess and how will these help them in their virulence?
A: The Factors that are produced by a microorganism and evoke disease are called virulence factors.…
Q: Why was it necessary to administer antibacterial drugs in Burali ulcer for two months rather than…
A: INTRODUCTION Buruli ulcer, caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a devastating chronic…
Q: Write a paragraph describing the growing medium requirements and conditions necessary for a…
A: MICROBIAL GROWTH MEDIA- It is the culture media that serves as a nutrient medium for the growth of a…
Q: What is bacillus cereus ?
A: Microbes are the small sized organisms that can't be seen by naked eyes. The microscope is used to…
Q: How does Clostridium Perfringens contribute to the virulence of the pathogens, and give one specific…
A: Food contaminated by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens causes food poisoning. It is responsible…
Q: What medical conditions commonly predispose patients to m ycotic infection?
A: Conditions that predispose patients to any of the opportunistic fungal pathogens are as follows:…
Q: Which antibiotic listed would be most effective against staph organisms?
A: Staph organism are Staphylococcus bacteria which is known to cause staph infections like pneumonia ,…
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- Why does Helicobacter pylori cause ulceractions in the lining of the Stomach? 1)The microbes secrete a toxin that prevents the host from detecting invasion of the microbe and thus allows it to thrive in the stomach and damage the host cells. 2)After invasion of the microbe in the cells lining the stomach, they are no longer able to produce mucous to protect the host cells from acid erosion 3)The microbe produces an enzyme that causes the cell to produce potent digestive enzymes that erode the stomach lining. 4)Once the microbe has entered the stomach, it releases digestive enzymes that degrade the mucous secreting cells.Define the term virulence and how to determine it.Explain how the body (including cells, organs, organ systems) is affected by the bacterium called Neisseria meningitidis? Are there any long-term effects caused by the bacterium, even after recovery?
- What are virulence factors?What role do virulence factors play in the four phases of infection? Describe the infection stage and any virulence factors connected with it.Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial exotoxins? 1. Important in the pathogenesis of many human diseases 2. Their toxic effect can be systemic, affecting cells distant from the primary site of infection 3. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial exotoxins) 4. Different exotoxins may affect different types of cells (e.g., nerves, gastrointestinal mucosa) 5. Some exotoxins have two components, A (active) and B (binding)
- Why is erysipeloid an occupation-associated infection?What is the purpose of amplifying P. aeruginosa and B. cereus virulence genes exoS/exoT and nheA/hblC, respectively. What are the functions of these virulence genes.Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial endotoxin? 1. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial endotoxin) 2. Can cause life-threatening drop in blood pressure (shock) 3. Composed of proteins produced by bacteria and released into surrounding environment 4. Composed of lipid A, a component of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane 5. Stimulates macrophages to produce a substance (TNF) that damages capillaries
- 14) When considering virulence factors, which class of virulence factor would be most likely to increase the severity of disease caused by the pathogen possessing the virulence factor, due to this class of virulence factor most likely causing the death of cells? A) extracellular enzymes C) anti-phagocytic factors B) toxins D) adherence factors 15) Which of the following classes of virulence factor is absolutely needed for nearly every infection? In fact, if the organism lacks this factor, it is most likely going to be avirulent (not disease-causing). A) extracellular enzyme B) adherence factor D) anti-phagocytic factor C) exotoxin 16) Which of the following is an iron-binding protein produced by pathogens to access the body's store of iron? A) ferritin B) siderophores C) hemolysin D) transferrin 17) The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to A) attracting phagocytes to sites of infection. B) triggering release of interferons. C) triggering inflammation. D) triggering…What do Gram positive bacteria generally possess and how will these help them in their virulence?The nurse knows that antimalarial drugs are used to treat patients with infections caused by which microorganism? a )Plasmodium spp.b )Candida albicansc) Pneumocystis jiroveciid) Mycobacterium