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- Skeletal muscle contraction requires _________. a. calcium ions b. ATP c. arrival of a nerve impulse d. all of the aboveArrange the following in statements in the order that they occur during muscle contraction: 1-10 ACh leaves the synaptic knob and enters the synaptic cleft The action potential is carried deep into the muscle cell by T tubules The muscle cell relaxes and lengthens Myosin binds to and pulls on actin, resulting in muscle shortening Calcium attaches to troponin As calcium re-enters the sarcoplasmic reticulum, its concentration at the myofilaments decreases Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum Tropomyosin rolls out of the way, exposing actin ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft and attaches to protein receptors on the sarcolemma, resulting in muscle "excitation" Na+ enters the muscle cell and K+ exits, resulting in an action potentialOnce an action potential arrives at the neuromuscular junction, there is a sequence of events that result in muscle contraction. Place these events in the correct numerical sequence. 1 2 3 4 5 [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose] [Choose ] [Choose ] acetylcholine is released the binding sites for myosin heads are exposed calcium is converted to ATP action potentials travel down t-tubules to the inner regions of muscle fibers calcium is released cross bridges form
- Each of the pairs of phrases below describe steps during skeletal muscie contraction. The 2nd phrase should take place after the 1st phrase. Which of the pairs of phrases is out of order? muscle cell action potential leads to neurotransmitter release motor neuron action potential leads to muscle cell action potential sarcolemma depolarization leads to an increase in cytosolic calcium rise in cytosolic calcium leads to cross bridge cycleIndicate which of the following are true. Chronically shortened muscles will lose sarcomeres in series in order to maintain ideal amounts of myofilament overlap. Contractile force is proportional to the length of a muscle. Muscle organ contraction is all or nothing. Muscle cells are surrounded by an endomysium. Actin is the thick filament and Z-lines are where the cross-bridges zig-zag to adjacent actin filaments. Muscles with fewer motor units are weaker, i.e., capable of less force. A nerve impulse, calcium, and ATP are necessary for muscle contraction. Tendons attach bones to bones and help to limit the range of motion at joints. Muscle tissue is very dynamic and will respond to chronic stress by becoming stronger (making more myofilaments), chronic contraction by becoming shorter (losing sarcomeres in series), and stretching by becoming longer (adding sarcomeres in series). Myofilaments are actually long strands of proteins.Order the events leading to muscle contraction. Ca ions bind to troponin myosin binds to actin Nerve cell releases acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction troponin pulls tropomyosin, exposing the mysoin binding site ATP causing myosin to move (pull) actin toward the center of the cell the sarcolemma membrane depolarizes and triggers the sarcoplamic reticulum to release Ca ions
- Arrange the steps of muscle innervation and contraction in response to touching a hot plate. appendage is removed from stimulus v movement is produced muslce fibers work together to produce action muscle contraction occurs and the sarcomere shortens Myosin heads bind thin filament Calcium binds troponin Calcium is released T tubules carry the action potential to the sarcoplasmic reticulum Action potential is generated in the sarcolemma as a result of opened sodium channels The presynaptic cell releases acetylcholine Signal arrives at the neuromuscular junction Sensory receptors detect uncomfortable heat Afferent neurons carry impulse to the central nervous system Signal reaches the reflex arc in the central nervous system and is directed out through the anterior horn Signal travels through the motor units > |> > > |> > > > > > > > >Describe what is happening overall in the first sentence. Then describe, in detail, what is happening in each step below. Include details about what is happening at steps 5 - 7 in terms of calcium and the contraction mechanism (from a different figure). (a) -Axon terminal of somatic motor neuron Muscle fiber ACh- potential Action Na+ Action potential- -Motor end plate- lell Ca2+ released Myosin thick filament 6 + + + ++Skeletal muscle is described as striated. What are the lighter, thinner stripes noted under the microscope? Group of answer choices troponin actin myosin dystrophin Rather than innervating individual muscle fibers, motor neurons often innervate two or more muscle fibers. The motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates are together called a: Group of answer choices motor unit myofibril muscle fascicle motor fascia Fast glycolytic muscle fibers allow for relatively quick ATP energy production by splitting glucose (but eventually leads to fatigue), a process described as: Group of answer choices fermentation aerobic pathway anaerobic pathway ATP reserve use
- The following list of events take place during a muscle contraction. Place the events in chronological order as they relate to a muscle contraction. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Myosin heads bind to actin. An action potential arrives at the axon terminal of a motor neuron. Calcium binds to troponin, displacing tropomyosin and exposing myosin head binding sites on actin. Myosin heads undergo power stroke and actin slides over myosin towards M line of sarcomere. Acetylcholine is released at the neuromuscular junction.Which of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect? 1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors 2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules 3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging 5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomereIndicate if the statements are TRUE or FALSE. Statements TRUE FALSE To initiate muscle contraction, calcium ions bind to, and change the shape of the troponin protein molecules which then pull the tropomyosin proteins off the myosin binding sites of the actin helix. An accumulation of lactic acid is the principal cause of sore muscles. During rest, excess oxygen molecules in the sarcoplasm are attracted to a large protein molecule called myoglobin. Anaerobic respiration is the first choice of the muscle cell for the production of ATP.
