Many drugs are either weak acids or weak bases. Acetaminophen is a weak base, the acid form of which has pKa=9.5. Estimate the ration of (protonated/deprotonated) acetaminophen in each of the physiologic environment below: a. Stomach (pH ~ 2.0) b. Small intestine (pH ~ 8.0) c. Venous blood (pH ~ 7.35)
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Many drugs are either weak acids or weak bases. Acetaminophen is a weak base, the acid form of which has pKa=9.5. Estimate the ration of (protonated/deprotonated) acetaminophen in each of the physiologic environment below:
a. Stomach (pH ~ 2.0)
b. Small intestine (pH ~ 8.0)
c. Venous blood (pH ~ 7.35)
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