LEADERSHIP STYLESMake a summary of the topic discussed in the articleExplain each leadership style and give examples.For each leadership style, mention what are the strengths and what are the weaknesses, according to the author. LEADERSHIP STYLES - ABSTRACTThe paper tries to highlights the main leadership styles that a successfully leader need to know in order to achieve performance. It shows that certain characteristics alone do not guarantee leadership success, and there is evidence that effective leaders are different from other people in certain key respects. The most important stylesthat the paper intended to point out are:authoritarian leadership, democratic leadership, laissezfaire leadership and transactional leadership. The paper also reminds that every leadership styles has benefits and downsides, and in order to achieve organizational goals is better to know them all and chose that characteristics that suits every leader who want to achieve performance.1.IntroductionLeadership is less about your needs, and more about the needs of the people and the organization, you are leading. Leadership styles are not something to be tried on like so many suits, to see which fits. Rather, they should be adapted to the particular demands of the situation, the particular requirements of the people involved and theparticular challenges facing the organization. Many authors describe different styles of leadership. The most effective leaders can move among these styles, adoptingthe one that meets the needs of the moment. They can all become part of the leader's repertoire. Business people and psychologists have developed useful, simpleways to describe the main styles of leadership. By understanding these styles and their impact, you can develop your own approach to leadership and become a moreeffective leader. We'll look at common leadership styles in this article, and we'll explore situations where these styles may be effective with your people.1.The Main Leadership StylesA leadership style is a leader's style of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. There are many different leadershipstyles that can be exhibited by leaders in the political, business, or other fields.1. The authoritarian leadership style or autocratic leaderThe autocratic style keeps strict, close control over followers by keeping close regulation of policies and procedures given to followers. To keep main emphasis on thedistinction of the authoritarian leader and their followers, these types of leaders make sure to only create a distinct professional relationship. Direct supervision is whatthey believe to be key in maintaining a successful environment and follower ship. In fear of followers being unproductive, authoritarian leaders keep close supervision and feel this is necessary for anything to be done. Examples of authoritarian communicative behavior: a police officer directing traffic, a teacher ordering a studentto do his or her assignment, and a supervisor instructing a subordinate to clean a workstation. All of these positions require a distinct set of characteristics that givethe leader the position to get things in order or get a point across.Authoritarian Traits: sets goals individually, engages primarily in one-way, downward-communication, controls discussion with followers, engages primarily in one-way, downward communication and donates interaction (Martindale, N (2011)).Authoritarian leaders, also known as autocratic leaders, provide clear expectations for, what needs to be done, when it should be done, and how it should be done. There is also a clear division between the leader and the followers. Authoritarian leaders make decisions independently withlittle or no input from the rest of the group.Researchers found that decision-making was less creative under authoritarian leadership. Lewin also found that it is more difficult to move from anauthoritarian style to a democratic style than vice versa. Abuse of this style is usually viewed as controlling, bossy, and dictatorial.Authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group decision-making or where the leader is most knowledgeablemember of the group.Autocratic leadership, also known as authoritarian leadership, is a leadership style characterized by individual control over all decisions and little input fromgroup members. Autocratic leaders typically make choices based on their own ideas and judgments and rarely accept advicefrom followers. Autocratic leadership involves absolute, authoritarian control over a group (Lewin K. et all (1939)).Characteristics of Autocratic Leadership- Some of the primary characteristics of autocratic leadership include:Little or no input from group membersLeaders make the decisionsGroup leaders dictate all the work methods and processes.Group members are rarely trusted with decisions or important tasks.Benefits of Autocratic LeadershipAutocratic leadership can be beneficial in some instances, such as when decisions need to be made quickly without consulting with a large group of people. Some projects require strongleadership in order to get things accomplished quickly and efficiently. Have you ever worked with a group of students or co-workers on a projectthat got derailed by poor organization, a lack of leadership, and an inability to set deadlines? If so, chances are that your grade or job performance suffered as a result.In such situations, a strong leader who utilizes an autocratic style can take charge of the group assign tasks to different membersand establish solid deadline for projects to be finished. In situations that are particularlystressful, such as during military conflicts, group members may prefer an autocratic style. It allows members of the group to focus on performing specific tasks without worrying about making complex decisions. This also allows group members to become highly skilled at performing certainduties, which can be beneficial to the grouP.Downsides of Autocratic LeadershipWhile autocratic leadership can be beneficial at times, there are also many instances where this leadership style can be problematic. People who abuse an autocraticleadership style are often viewed as bossy, controlling, and dictatorial, which can lead to resentment among group members.Because autocratic leaders make decisions without consulting the group, people in the group maydislike that they are unable to contribute ideas. Researchers have alsofound that autocratic leadership often results in a lack of creative solutions to problems, which can hurt the performance of the group. While autocratic leadership does have some potential pitfalls, leaders can learn to use elements of this style wisely. For example, an autocratic style can be used effectively in situations where the leader is the most knowledgeable member of the group or has access to information that other members of the group do not.1,The democratic leadership styleThis style consists of the leader sharing the decision-making abilities with group members by promoting the interests of the group membersand by practicing social equality (Foster, D.E. (2002)),This style of leadership encompasses discussion, debate and sharing of ideas and, encouragement of people to feel good about their involvement. The boundaries of democratic participation tend to be circumscribed by the organization or the group needs and the instrumental value of people's attributes (skills, attitudes, etc.). Thedemocratic style encompasses the notion that everyone, by virtue of their human status, should play a part in the group's decisions. However, the democratic style ofleadershipstill requires guidance and control by a specific leader. The democratic style demands the leader to make decisions on who should be called upon within thegroup and who is given the right to participate in, make and vote on decisions (Woods, A.P. (2010)).Research has found that this leadership style is one of the most effective and creates higher productivity, better contributions from group membersand increased groupmorale, Democratic leadership can lead to better ideas and more creative solutions to problems because group members are encouraged to share their thoughts and ideas.While democratic leadership is one of the most effective leadership styles, it does have some potential downsides. In situations where roles are unclear or time is ofthe essence, democratic leadership can lead to communication failures and uncompleted projects. Democratic leadership works best in situations where group members are skilled and eager to share their knowledge. It isalso important to have plenty of time to allow people to contribute, develop a plan and then vote on the best course of action (Foster, D.E. 2002).Lewin's study found that participative leadership, also known as democratic leadership, is generally the most effective leadership style, Democratic leaders offerguidance to group members, but they also participate in the group and allow input from other group members. InLewin's study, children in this group were less productive than the members of the authoritarian group, but their contributions were of a much higher quality.Participative leaders encourage group members to participate, but retain the final say over the decision-making process, Groupmembers feel engaged in the process and are more motivated and creative (Lewin K. et all (1939)).Democratic leadership, also known as participative leadership, is a type of leadership style in which members of the group take a more participative role in thedecision-making process. Researchers have found that this learning style is usually one of the most effective and lead tohigher productivity, better contributions from group members, and increased group morale. Characteristics of Democratic LeadershipSome of the primary characteristics of democratic leadership include:Group members encouraged to share ideas and opinions, even though the leader retains the final say over decisions.Members of the group feel more engaged in the process.Creativity is encouraged and rewarded.Benefits of Democratic LeadershipBecause group members are encouraged to share their thoughts, democratic leadership_can leader to better ideas and more creative solutions to problems. Group members also feel more involved and committed to projects, making them more likely to care about the end results. Research on leadership styles has also shown thatdemocratic leadership leads to higher productivity among group members.Downsides of Democratic LeadershipWhile democratic leadership has been described as the most effective leadership style, it does have some potential downsides. In situations where roles are unclear or time is of the essence, democratic leadership can lead to communication failures and uncompleted projects. In some cases, group members may not have the necessary knowledge or expertise to make quality contributions to the decision-making process.Democratic leadership works best in situations where group members are skilled and eager to share their knowledge. It is also important to have plenty of time to allow people to contribute, develop a plan and then vote on the best course of action.1.The laissez-faire leadership styleLaiseez faire style was first described by Lewin, Lippitt, and White in 1938, along with the autocratic leadership and the democratic leadership styles. The laissez faire style is sometimes described as a "hands off" leadership style because the leader delegates the tasks to their followers while providing little or no direction to the followers. If the leader withdraws too much from their followers it can sometimes result in a lack ofproductivity, cohesiveness, and satisfaction (Johnson, C. E.; Hackman, M. Z. (2003)).Lassiez faire leaders allow followers to have complete freedom to make decisions concerning the completion of their work. It allows followers a high degree ofautonomy and self-rule, while at the same time offering guidance and support when requested. The lassiez faire leader using guided freedom provides the followerswith all materials necessary to accomplish their goals but does not directly participate in decision making unless the followers request their assistance.This is an effective style to use when:Followers are highly skilled, experienced, and educated.Followers have pride in their work and the drive to do it successfully on their own.Outside experts, such as staff specialists or consultants are being used.Followers are trustworthy and experienced.This style should NOT be used when:Followers feel insecure at the unavailability of a leader.The leader cannot or will not provide regular feedback to their followers.Researchers found that children under delegative leadership, also known as laissez-fair leadership, were the least productive of all three groups.The children in this group also made more demands on the leader, showed little cooperation and were unable to work independently.Delegative leaders offer little or no guidance to group members and leave decision-making up to group members. While this style can be effective in situations wheregroup members are highly qualified in an area of expertise, it often leads to poorly defined roles and a lack of motivation (Lewin K. et all (1939)).Laissez-faire leadership, also known as delegative leadership, is a type of leadership style in which leaders are hands-off and allow groupmembers to make the decisions. Researchers have found that this is generally the leadership style that leads to the lowest productivity among group members.Characteristics of Laissez-Faire LeadershipLaissez-faire leadership is characterized by:Very little guidance from leadersComplete freedom for followers to make decisionsLeaders provide the tools and resources needed.Group members are expected to solve problems on their own.Benefits of Laissez-Faire LeadershipLaissezfaire leadership can be effective in situations where group members are highly skilled, motivated and capable of working on their own. While the conventionaI term for this style is 'laissez-faire' and implies a completely hands-off approach, many leaders still remain open andavailable to group members for consultation and feedback.Downsides of Laissez-Faire LeadershipLaissezfaire leadership is not ideal in situations where group members lack the knowledge or experience, they need to complete tasks and make decisions. Some people are not good at setting their own deadlines, managing their own projects and solving problems on their own. In such situations, projects can go off-track and deadlines can be missed when team members do not get enough guidance or feedback from leaders.1.The transactional style of leadershipTransactional style was first described by Max Weber in 1947 and then later described by Bernard Bass in 1981. Mainly used by management, transactional leadersfocus their leadership on motivating followers through a system of rewards and punishments. There are two factors which form the basis for this system, Contingent Reward and management-by-exception,Contingent Reward - Provides rewards, materialistic or psychological, for effort and recognizes good performances.Management-by-Exceptions allows the leader to maintain the status quo. The leader intervenes when subordinates do not meet acceptable performancelevels do not meet acceptable performance levels and initiates corrective action to improve performance,Management by exception helps reduce the workload of managers as they are only called-in when workers deviate from course (Spring (2009)),3-ConclusionsProviding directions is knowing and adapting leadership styles. Therefore, one can chose from the four different leadership styles: authoritarian style, democratic style, laissez-faire style or transactional style. Authoritarians style creates authoritarian leaders that show clear expectation forwhat needs to be done and how it should be done. The main benefit of this style is the situation when a decision needs to be taken quickly without consulting with a Iarge group of people. Democratic style creates democratic leaders that agree the idea of involving the group inelaborating decisions, and the main benefit of this style is the fact that it encourage members to share their thoughts and to take care of the results. Laissez faire leadership style described as "hands off leadership is that style in which the leader delegates the tasks to their followers while providing or no the direction that needs to befollowed. The relatively new leadership style is transactional style, and this style shows that the leaders focus on motivating their followers through a system of rewards and punishment. It is a style that is very used in modern management.No mater of the style one chose to develop, it is important that the organizational goals are achieved, and we can see that in the practice there are no clear delimitationbetween leadership styles but a kind of mixed leadership styles function of the many variables that may appear in a leadership process.

Question

LEADERSHIP STYLESMake a summary of the topic discussed in the articleExplain each leadership style and give examples.For each leadership style, mention what are the strengths and what are the weaknesses, according to the author. LEADERSHIP STYLES - ABSTRACTThe paper tries to highlights the main leadership styles that a successfully leader need to know in order to achieve performance. It shows that certain characteristics alone do not guarantee leadership success, and there is evidence that effective leaders are different from other people in certain key respects. The most important stylesthat the paper intended to point out are:authoritarian leadership, democratic leadership, laissezfaire leadership and transactional leadership. The paper also reminds that every leadership styles has benefits and downsides, and in order to achieve organizational goals is better to know them all and chose that characteristics that suits every leader who want to achieve performance.1.IntroductionLeadership is less about your needs, and more about the needs of the people and the organization, you are leading. Leadership styles are not something to be tried on like so many suits, to see which fits. Rather, they should be adapted to the particular demands of the situation, the particular requirements of the people involved and theparticular challenges facing the organization. Many authors describe different styles of leadership. The most effective leaders can move among these styles, adoptingthe one that meets the needs of the moment. They can all become part of the leader's repertoire. Business people and psychologists have developed useful, simpleways to describe the main styles of leadership. By understanding these styles and their impact, you can develop your own approach to leadership and become a moreeffective leader. We'll look at common leadership styles in this article, and we'll explore situations where these styles may be effective with your people.1.The Main Leadership StylesA leadership style is a leader's style of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. There are many different leadershipstyles that can be exhibited by leaders in the political, business, or other fields.1. The authoritarian leadership style or autocratic leaderThe autocratic style keeps strict, close control over followers by keeping close regulation of policies and procedures given to followers. To keep main emphasis on thedistinction of the authoritarian leader and their followers, these types of leaders make sure to only create a distinct professional relationship. Direct supervision is whatthey believe to be key in maintaining a successful environment and follower ship. In fear of followers being unproductive, authoritarian leaders keep close supervision and feel this is necessary for anything to be done. Examples of authoritarian communicative behavior: a police officer directing traffic, a teacher ordering a studentto do his or her assignment, and a supervisor instructing a subordinate to clean a workstation. All of these positions require a distinct set of characteristics that givethe leader the position to get things in order or get a point across.Authoritarian Traits: sets goals individually, engages primarily in one-way, downward-communication, controls discussion with followers, engages primarily in one-way, downward communication and donates interaction (Martindale, N (2011)).Authoritarian leaders, also known as autocratic leaders, provide clear expectations for, what needs to be done, when it should be done, and how it should be done. There is also a clear division between the leader and the followers. Authoritarian leaders make decisions independently withlittle or no input from the rest of the group.Researchers found that decision-making was less creative under authoritarian leadership. Lewin also found that it is more difficult to move from anauthoritarian style to a democratic style than vice versa. Abuse of this style is usually viewed as controlling, bossy, and dictatorial.Authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group decision-making or where the leader is most knowledgeablemember of the group.Autocratic leadership, also known as authoritarian leadership, is a leadership style characterized by individual control over all decisions and little input fromgroup members. Autocratic leaders typically make choices based on their own ideas and judgments and rarely accept advicefrom followers. Autocratic leadership involves absolute, authoritarian control over a group (Lewin K. et all (1939)).Characteristics of Autocratic Leadership- Some of the primary characteristics of autocratic leadership include:Little or no input from group membersLeaders make the decisionsGroup leaders dictate all the work methods and processes.Group members are rarely trusted with decisions or important tasks.Benefits of Autocratic LeadershipAutocratic leadership can be beneficial in some instances, such as when decisions need to be made quickly without consulting with a large group of people. Some projects require strongleadership in order to get things accomplished quickly and efficiently. Have you ever worked with a group of students or co-workers on a projectthat got derailed by poor organization, a lack of leadership, and an inability to set deadlines? If so, chances are that your grade or job performance suffered as a result.In such situations, a strong leader who utilizes an autocratic style can take charge of the group assign tasks to different membersand establish solid deadline for projects to be finished. In situations that are particularlystressful, such as during military conflicts, group members may prefer an autocratic style. It allows members of the group to focus on performing specific tasks without worrying about making complex decisions. This also allows group members to become highly skilled at performing certainduties, which can be beneficial to the grouP.Downsides of Autocratic LeadershipWhile autocratic leadership can be beneficial at times, there are also many instances where this leadership style can be problematic. People who abuse an autocraticleadership style are often viewed as bossy, controlling, and dictatorial, which can lead to resentment among group members.Because autocratic leaders make decisions without consulting the group, people in the group maydislike that they are unable to contribute ideas. Researchers have alsofound that autocratic leadership often results in a lack of creative solutions to problems, which can hurt the performance of the group. While autocratic leadership does have some potential pitfalls, leaders can learn to use elements of this style wisely. For example, an autocratic style can be used effectively in situations where the leader is the most knowledgeable member of the group or has access to information that other members of the group do not.1,The democratic leadership styleThis style consists of the leader sharing the decision-making abilities with group members by promoting the interests of the group membersand by practicing social equality (Foster, D.E. (2002)),This style of leadership encompasses discussion, debate and sharing of ideas and, encouragement of people to feel good about their involvement. The boundaries of democratic participation tend to be circumscribed by the organization or the group needs and the instrumental value of people's attributes (skills, attitudes, etc.). Thedemocratic style encompasses the notion that everyone, by virtue of their human status, should play a part in the group's decisions. However, the democratic style ofleadershipstill requires guidance and control by a specific leader. The democratic style demands the leader to make decisions on who should be called upon within thegroup and who is given the right to participate in, make and vote on decisions (Woods, A.P. (2010)).Research has found that this leadership style is one of the most effective and creates higher productivity, better contributions from group membersand increased groupmorale, Democratic leadership can lead to better ideas and more creative solutions to problems because group members are encouraged to share their thoughts and ideas.While democratic leadership is one of the most effective leadership styles, it does have some potential downsides. In situations where roles are unclear or time is ofthe essence, democratic leadership can lead to communication failures and uncompleted projects. Democratic leadership works best in situations where group members are skilled and eager to share their knowledge. It isalso important to have plenty of time to allow people to contribute, develop a plan and then vote on the best course of action (Foster, D.E. 2002).Lewin's study found that participative leadership, also known as democratic leadership, is generally the most effective leadership style, Democratic leaders offerguidance to group members, but they also participate in the group and allow input from other group members. InLewin's study, children in this group were less productive than the members of the authoritarian group, but their contributions were of a much higher quality.Participative leaders encourage group members to participate, but retain the final say over the decision-making process, Groupmembers feel engaged in the process and are more motivated and creative (Lewin K. et all (1939)).Democratic leadership, also known as participative leadership, is a type of leadership style in which members of the group take a more participative role in thedecision-making process. Researchers have found that this learning style is usually one of the most effective and lead tohigher productivity, better contributions from group members, and increased group morale. Characteristics of Democratic LeadershipSome of the primary characteristics of democratic leadership include:Group members encouraged to share ideas and opinions, even though the leader retains the final say over decisions.Members of the group feel more engaged in the process.Creativity is encouraged and rewarded.Benefits of Democratic LeadershipBecause group members are encouraged to share their thoughts, democratic leadership_can leader to better ideas and more creative solutions to problems. Group members also feel more involved and committed to projects, making them more likely to care about the end results. Research on leadership styles has also shown thatdemocratic leadership leads to higher productivity among group members.Downsides of Democratic LeadershipWhile democratic leadership has been described as the most effective leadership style, it does have some potential downsides. In situations where roles are unclear or time is of the essence, democratic leadership can lead to communication failures and uncompleted projects. In some cases, group members may not have the necessary knowledge or expertise to make quality contributions to the decision-making process.Democratic leadership works best in situations where group members are skilled and eager to share their knowledge. It is also important to have plenty of time to allow people to contribute, develop a plan and then vote on the best course of action.1.The laissez-faire leadership styleLaiseez faire style was first described by Lewin, Lippitt, and White in 1938, along with the autocratic leadership and the democratic leadership styles. The laissez faire style is sometimes described as a &#34;hands off&#34; leadership style because the leader delegates the tasks to their followers while providing little or no direction to the followers. If the leader withdraws too much from their followers it can sometimes result in a lack ofproductivity, cohesiveness, and satisfaction (Johnson, C. E.; Hackman, M. Z. (2003)).Lassiez faire leaders allow followers to have complete freedom to make decisions concerning the completion of their work. It allows followers a high degree ofautonomy and self-rule, while at the same time offering guidance and support when requested. The lassiez faire leader using guided freedom provides the followerswith all materials necessary to accomplish their goals but does not directly participate in decision making unless the followers request their assistance.This is an effective style to use when:Followers are highly skilled, experienced, and educated.Followers have pride in their work and the drive to do it successfully on their own.Outside experts, such as staff specialists or consultants are being used.Followers are trustworthy and experienced.This style should NOT be used when:Followers feel insecure at the unavailability of a leader.The leader cannot or will not provide regular feedback to their followers.Researchers found that children under delegative leadership, also known as laissez-fair leadership, were the least productive of all three groups.The children in this group also made more demands on the leader, showed little cooperation and were unable to work independently.Delegative leaders offer little or no guidance to group members and leave decision-making up to group members. While this style can be effective in situations wheregroup members are highly qualified in an area of expertise, it often leads to poorly defined roles and a lack of motivation (Lewin K. et all (1939)).Laissez-faire leadership, also known as delegative leadership, is a type of leadership style in which leaders are hands-off and allow groupmembers to make the decisions. Researchers have found that this is generally the leadership style that leads to the lowest productivity among group members.Characteristics of Laissez-Faire LeadershipLaissez-faire leadership is characterized by:Very little guidance from leadersComplete freedom for followers to make decisionsLeaders provide the tools and resources needed.Group members are expected to solve problems on their own.Benefits of Laissez-Faire LeadershipLaissezfaire leadership can be effective in situations where group members are highly skilled, motivated and capable of working on their own. While the conventionaI term for this style is 'laissez-faire' and implies a completely hands-off approach, many leaders still remain open andavailable to group members for consultation and feedback.Downsides of Laissez-Faire LeadershipLaissezfaire leadership is not ideal in situations where group members lack the knowledge or experience, they need to complete tasks and make decisions. Some people are not good at setting their own deadlines, managing their own projects and solving problems on their own. In such situations, projects can go off-track and deadlines can be missed when team members do not get enough guidance or feedback from leaders.1.The transactional style of leadershipTransactional style was first described by Max Weber in 1947 and then later described by Bernard Bass in 1981. Mainly used by management, transactional leadersfocus their leadership on motivating followers through a system of rewards and punishments. There are two factors which form the basis for this system, Contingent Reward and management-by-exception,Contingent Reward - Provides rewards, materialistic or psychological, for effort and recognizes good performances.Management-by-Exceptions allows the leader to maintain the status quo. The leader intervenes when subordinates do not meet acceptable performancelevels do not meet acceptable performance levels and initiates corrective action to improve performance,Management by exception helps reduce the workload of managers as they are only called-in when workers deviate from course (Spring (2009)),3-ConclusionsProviding directions is knowing and adapting leadership styles. Therefore, one can chose from the four different leadership styles: authoritarian style, democratic style, laissez-faire style or transactional style. Authoritarians style creates authoritarian leaders that show clear expectation forwhat needs to be done and how it should be done. The main benefit of this style is the situation when a decision needs to be taken quickly without consulting with a Iarge group of people. Democratic style creates democratic leaders that agree the idea of involving the group inelaborating decisions, and the main benefit of this style is the fact that it encourage members to share their thoughts and to take care of the results. Laissez faire leadership style described as &#34;hands off leadership is that style in which the leader delegates the tasks to their followers while providing or no the direction that needs to befollowed. The relatively new leadership style is transactional style, and this style shows that the leaders focus on motivating their followers through a system of rewards and punishment. It is a style that is very used in modern management.No mater of the style one chose to develop, it is important that the organizational goals are achieved, and we can see that in the practice there are no clear delimitationbetween leadership styles but a kind of mixed leadership styles function of the many variables that may appear in a leadership process.

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LEADERSHIP STYLES Make a summary of the topic discussed in the article Explain each leadership style and give examples. For each leadership style, mention what are the strengths and what are the weaknesses, according to the author.