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- How is the observation of “sporting mutations” in animal breeding used to challenge Darwin’s theory of gradualism? Why did Darwin reject such mutations as having little evolutionary importance?Darwin has been often credited with discovering evolution. Why is this not right? What were Darwin’s observations?When Darwin wrote On the Origin of Species, he spent a significant amount of time on a topic he considered to be (in his words) “one special difficulty” to his theory: eusociality. Explain why eusociality constitutes a “difficulty” to the theory of evolution by natural selection, and how evolutionary biologists have been able to explain its evolution
- While the French biologist LaMarck was correct in proposing that evolution does occur, he believed that the long necks of giraffes evolved as generations of giraffes reached for ever higher leaves on the trees. Using these observations, LaMarck proposed the theory that evolution occurs due to the inheritance of characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime. From what you know about the scientific method, why is this incorrect?Which question below directly corresponds to whether Lamarck or Darwin are correct about their theories of the mechanisms of evolution? A.) Why don’t the shorter neck giraffes feed on grasses and lower vegetation? B.) How would the shorter necked giraffes in Lamarck’s theory survive to reproduce and pass on the “need” for longer necks if they were unable to reach food? C.) Why won’t the taller necked giraffes in Darwin’s theory provide assistance to the shorter giraffes since they are the same species? D.) Will the smaller giraffes be more adapted to hide from predators since they wouldn’t be visible from greater distances?A scientist used satellite images to track the natural habitats of two species of salamanders: E. eschscholtzii (shown in green) and E. klauberi (shown in brown). What type of evidence of evolution is this? *
- Darwin put together several pieces of information when formulating his theory of evolution. Which of the following is/are not part of that information? Choose All That Apply Natural populations of organisms display variable phenotypes Natural populations tend to produce more offspring then the environment can support Individuals within a population can pass on traits acquired during their lives to their offspring Organisms tend to be uniquely adapted to the environments in which they are found Each individual in a population is equally likely to survive and produce offspringWhat is the role of the tree of life in studying evolution?What are some of the ways that Darwin's theory of natural selection played out in human evolution? Can you see evidence of particular adaptations as our ancestors evolved, speciated, and in some cases went extinct?
- . The images below show two separate theories of how organisms evolve. Which question below directly corresponds to whether Lamarck or Darwin are correct about their theories of the mechanisms of evolution? Why don’t the shorter neck giraffes feed on grasses and lower vegetation? How would the shorter necked giraffes in Lamarck’s theory survive to reproduce and pass on the “need” for longer necks if they were unable to reach food? Why won’t the taller necked giraffes in Darwin’s theory provide assistance to the shorter giraffes since they are the same species? Will the smaller giraffes be more adapted to hide from predators since they wouldn’t be visible from greater distances?A skeptic of evolution asks the following question – “If humans evolved from monkeys, why are there still monkeys?” Use your understanding of primate evolution to explain to this individual why their view of primate evolution is skewed. Reference examples.The theory of evolution by Darwin is a composite theory, i.e. it has five component theories: 1. Evolution as such is the simple proposition that the characteristics of lineages of organisms change over time 2. Common descent is a radically different view of evolution than the scheme Lamarck proposed. Common descent is a concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. 3. Gradualism – Darwin’s proposition that the differences between even radically different organisms have evolved incrementally, by small steps through intermediate forms. The alternative to this theory, as discussed in later sections, is saltation with great reference to large differences that are believed to have evolved by leaps without intermediates. 4. Populational change – Darwin’s thesis that evolution occurs by changes in the proportions of individuals within a population that have different inherited characteristics. 5. Natural selection – Darwin’s…