K Steel production creates pollution. If a tax is imposed on steel production equal to the marginal external cost of the pollution it creates, OA. steel producers will continue to produce the inefficient quantity of steel OB. the deadweight loss created by steel producers will be cut to zero OC. steel producers will cut pollution to zero O D. the market price of steel will rise by the amount of the tax

K Steel production creates pollution. If a tax is imposed on steel production equal to the marginal external cost of the pollution it creates, OA. steel producers will continue to produce the inefficient quantity of steel OB. the deadweight loss created by steel producers will be cut to zero OC. steel producers will cut pollution to zero O D. the market price of steel will rise by the amount of the tax

Exploring Economics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781544336329

Author:Robert L. Sexton

Publisher:Robert L. Sexton

Chapter8: Market Failure

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2P: Draw a standard supply and demand diagram for televisions, and indicate the equilibrium price and...

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Draw a standard supply and demand diagram for televisions, and indicate the equilibrium price and output. a. Assuming that the production of televisions generates external costs, illustrate the effect of the producers being forced to pay a tax equal to the external costs generated, and indicate the equilibrium output. b. If instead of generating external costs, television production generates external benefits, illustrate the effect of the producers being given a subsidy equal to the external benefits generated, and indicate the equilibrium output.
A country called Sherwood is very heavily covered with a forest of 50,000 trees. There are proposals to clear some of Sherwoods forest and grow com, but obtaining this additional economic output will have an environmental cost from reducing the number of trees. Table 12.11 shows possible combinations of economic output and environmental protection. Sketch a graph of a production possibility frontier with environmental quality on the horizontal axis, measured by the number of trees, and the quantity of economic output, measured in corn, on the vertical axis. Which choices display productive efficiency? How can you tell? Which choices show allocative efficiency? How can you tell? In the choice between T and R, decide which one is better. Why? In the choice between T and S, can you say which one is better, and why? If you had to guess, which choice would you think is more likely to represent a command-and-control environmental policy and which choice is more likely to represent a market-oriented environmental policy, choice Q or S? Why?
In the Land of Purity, there is only one form of pollution, called gunk. Table 12.14 shows possible combinations of economic output and reduction of gunk, depending on what kinds of environmental regulations you choose. Sketch a graph of a production possibility frontier with environmental quality on the horizontal axis, measured by the percentage reduction of gunk, and with the quantity of economic output on the vertical axis. Which choices display productive efficiency? How can you tell? Which choices show allocative efficiency? How can you tell? In the choice between K and L, can you say which one is better and why? In the choice between K. and N, can you say which one is better, and why? If you had to guess, which choice would you think is move likely to represent a command-and-control environmental policy and which choice is more likely to represent a market-oriented environmental policy, choice L or M? Why?
11. Compared to a good with no externalities, a good with a negative externality will appear to have experienced a OIncrease in Supply ODecrease in Supply Olncrease in Demand ODecrease in Demand at each corresponding price...
Figure 4 shows that for any given demand curve forthe right to pollute, the government can achieve thesame outcome either by setting a price with a correctivetax or by setting a quantity with pollutionpermits. Suppose there is a sharp improvement in thetechnology for controlling pollution.a. Using graphs similar to those in Figure 4, illustratethe effect of this development on the demand forpollution rights.b. What is the effect on the price and quantity of pollutionunder each regulatory system? Explain.
Externalities: End of Chapter Problem In Chapter 6, we said that taxes create deadweight losses. When we tax goods with external costs, should we worry about deadweight losses? Why or why not? Any deadweight losses O should not conern us. Deadweight losses are the result of transactions that no longer occur and the problem with negative externalities is that too many transactions occur. O should concern us. If there is a negative externality associated with a good, the deadweight loss from a tax simply exacerbates society's welfare costs. from a tax are counter-productive. Why would we tax goods with negative externalities when the remedy for a negative externality is a subsidy? should concern us. Deadweight losses sound bad because they are bad; we should always avoid deadweight losses.
The table below shows the demand for pollution permits to emit hydrocarbons in a particular industrial park. Each permit allows the owner to release one tonne of pollutants into the atmosphere. Price perPollution Permit Quantity of Permits $4,500 75 4,000 150 3,500 225 3,000 300 2,500 375 2,000 450 1,500 525 a. If no fee for a pollution permit were charged, how many tonnes of pollutants would be discharged into the atmosphere, assuming a straight-line demand curve? Quantity: tonnesb. Suppose government were to set a fee of $3,500 per pollution permit. How many tonnes of pollutants would now be dumped? What is the total revenue received by government? Quantity: tonnes Total revenue: $ c. Suppose that a new technology allows for a significant reduction in hydrocarbons at a relatively low cost so that the demand for pollution permits in the industrial park drops by 150 tonnes. Assuming that government holds the permit fee at $3,500, how many tonnes of…
O Macmillan Learning Specialized electronic batteries, such as those for laptops, are hard to dispose of safely, yielding excess pollution when one gets thrown away. Suppose that producing these batteries creates a social cost of approximately $150 per battery. Please shift the appropriate curve or curves to reflect this social cost. The new price is about $ The new quantity is Ithousand. Price (S) 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Supply Demand 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Quantity of Laptops (thousands)
Figure: External Costs Price Social cost Supply E D H G Demand Quantity The distance between point I and point H represents the O price to the consumer external cost O private valuc O social cost
The dry-cleaning industry is a major source of air pollution. Based on this information, which conclusion is the most likely to be true about the price and output of dry-cleaning services? O Because dry-cleaning does not have much demand, pollution is not affecting their demand. O Dry-cleaning is a complimentary good. O Dry-cleaners see it as less profitable to cause pollution. Because there are no financial consequences for the pollution, fixing it wouldn't be as profitable for dry-cleaners.
The problem of excess pollution mainly occurs because of O asymmetric information. O a negative externality. O a monopoly. O a positive externality.
An increase in globalization has lead to an increase in pollution, and this is a problem because pollution is seen to be the classic example of a This is a that individuals impose on others but do not pay for. O negative externality, cost O possitive externality, benefit O negative externality, benefit O possitive externality, cost