Instrumental variables can be used to recover unbiased estimates when there is a problem with endogeneity. Given model: Y; = Bo + B1 X 1i + B2 X2i + €; where X1 is the endogenous regressor. What are the two conditions that Z must satisfy to be a valid instrument? Condition 1: Condition 2:
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- Are these conditions must be met for a Valid instrument?it must be (1) correlated with the included endogenous variable and (2) exogenous.4. The estimation of the model with quarterly car sales in the U.S. from 1975 to 1990 gives: Source | df MS Number of obs = 64 F( 2, Prob > F 61) = 12.21 Model .32720224 2 .16360112 0.0000 Residual | .817286587 61 .013398141 R-squared Adj R-squared = 0.2625 Root MSE 0.2859 Total | 1.14448883 63 .018166489 .11575 lqne | cCoef. t P>|t| std. Err. [95% Conf. Interval] 1price lincome -.4604611 3.37186 6.89398 -.8280926 .1838504 -4.50 0.000 -1.195724 2.399991 . 4860261 4.94 0.000 1.428121 _cons 5.92543 .4843662 12.23 0.000 4.95688 Based on the parameter estimates, what is the predicted effect of a 10% increase in price on the number of cars sold? What would be the effect of that price increase on the value of car sales?(a) Tell what each of the residual plots to the right indicates about the appropriateness of the linear model that was fit to the data. X-values (a) Choose the best answer for residuals plot (a). O A. The curved pattern in the residuals plot indicates that the linear model is not appropriate. The relationship is not linear. O B. The fanned pattern indicates that the linear model is not appropriate. The model's predicting power decreases as the values of the explanatory variable increases. O C. The scattered residuals plot indicates an appropriate linear model. (b) Choose the best answer for residuals plot (b). O A. The curved pattern in the residuals plot indicates that the linear model is not appropriate. The relationship is not linear. O B. The scattered residuals plot indicates an appropriate linear model. O C. The fanned pattern indicates that the linear model is not appropriate. The model's predicting power increases as the values of the explanatory variable increases. (c) Choose…
- Describe the recommended approach towards determining model specification.How does the R2 help in determining an appropriate model? Is theideal model the one with the highest R2? Should a regressor be included in the model if it increases the model R2?Critically/quantitatively evaluate the following statement (true, false or uncertain): • In a linear model, the Generalized Instrumental Variable (GIV) estimator BGIV is iden- tical to the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimator BoLS.Use a spreadsheet to trace out the pattern of adjustment of Yt towards its new equilibrium value in the model if It is exogenously increased from 240 to 350 and then kept at this new level. Assume the system was initially in equilibrium. What is the value of C in the fourteenth time period after this increase in It?
- HOTELLING MODEL Consider a market in which today’s crude oil price is $100/bbl, and the marginal cost of extracting another barrel of oil is $50. The interest rate is 10% per year. Assume that the market iscompetitive.a. What is the best prediction for the oil price 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years from now, based on the Hotelling model? Calculate the oil prices at the end of years 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The market suddenly learns that the marginal cost of extraction in years 2 and 3 will be only $40, after which the marginal cost is expected to fall to $20 for years 4 and 5.b. What is your prediction for future oil prices based on this new information? Calculate the oil prices at the end of years 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. [Hint: assume that the price of year 1stays as in part a.]. Which of the following is assumed for establishing the unbiasedness of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimates? a. b. C. d. The error term has an expected value of 1 given any value of the explanatory variable. The regression equation is linear in the explained and explanatory variables. The sample outcomes on the explanatory variable are all the same value. The error term has the same variance given any value of the explanatory variable.(e) Suppose you have been given the following ordinary least squares (OLS) regression result. Estimated Long Run Coefficients using the ARDL Approach ARDL (1,2,2,2,0,2) selected based on Akaike Information Criterion Dependent variable is LY 33 observations used for estimation from 1987 to 2019 T-Ratio [Prob.] 4.6671[0.000] 4.6678[0.051] 7.9897[0.043] -4.802[0.009] 2.3898[0.028] 1.0498[0.308] Regressor Coefficient Standard Error 0.36068 0.45447 LK 0.077280 LM 0.097363 0.48751 -0.41208 0.19057 0.52521 LE 0.061017 LF 0.085800 LT 0.079744 C 0.500320 where, Y = Economic growth K = Capital M = Employment E = Electricity consumption F = Foreign direct investment T= Technology (i) Write the regression equation. Interpret the estimated coefficients. (ii) Which explanatory variables are significant at the 1%, 5% and 10% level? Which variables are insignificant? Briefly explain.
- Cox Electric makes electronic components and has estimated the following for a new design of one of its products: Fixed Cost = $5,000 Material cost per unit = $0.15 Labor cost per unit = $0.10 Revenue per unit = $0.65 Production Volume = 12,000 Per-unit material and labor cost together make up the variable cost per unit. Assuming that Cox Electric sells all it produces, build a spreadsheet model that calculates the profit by subtracting the fixed cost and total variable cost from total revenue, and answer the following questions. (a) Construct a one-way data table with production volume as the column input and profit as the output. Breakeven occurs when profit goes from a negative to a positive value; that is, breakeven is when total revenue = total cost, yielding a profit of zero. Vary production volume from 5,000 to 50,000 in increments of 5,000. In which interval of production volume does breakeven occur? units to (b) Use Goal Seek to find the exact breakeven point. Assign Set cell:…Please type out the correct answer ASAP with proper explanation of why true n why false within 40 50 minutes. Will give you thumbs up only for the correct answer. Thank you .... Suppose we estimate a regression model that is linear in the parameters, the sample is obtained through random sampling, is no perfect collinearity, the errors have zero conditional mean and are homoskedastic, and the sample size is large. Even under these conditions, the OLS estimators of the parameters are not normally distributed, even approximately, if the regression errors are not normally distributed. A. True B. FalseеВook Cox Electric makes electronic components and has estimated the following for a new design of one of its products: Fixed Cost = $13,000 Material cost per unit = $0.15 Labor cost per unit = $0.10 Revenue per unit = $0.65 Production Volume - 12,000 Per-unit material and labor cost together make up the variable cost per unit. Assuming that Cox Electric sells all it produces, build a spreadsheet model that calculates the profit by subtracting the fixed cost and total variable cost from total revenue, and answer the following questions. (a) Construct a one-way data table with production volume as the column input and profit as the output. Breakeven occurs when profit goes from a negative to a positive value; that is, breakeven is when total revenue = total cost, yielding a profit of zero. Vary production volume from 5,000 to 50,000 in increments of 5,000. In which interval of production volume does breakeven occur? to units (b) Use Goal Seek to find the exact breakeven point. Assign…