In the United States, nominal interest rates tend to move economy is experiencing, nominal interest rates increase. Select one: A. procyclically, a recession 8. procyclically; an expansion C. countercyclically; an expansion D. countercyclically, a recession . This means that when the
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- How is the natural rate of unemployment Illustrated in an AD/AS model?How is pressure for inflationary price increases shown in an AD/AS model?1. Explaining short-run economic fluctuations A majority of economists believe that in the long run, real economic variables and nominal economic variables beha independently of one another. For example, an increase in the money supply, a variable, will cause the price level, a variable, to increase but will have no long-run effect on the quantity of goods and services the economy can produce, a variabl The distinction between real variables and nominal variabl is known as ▼ However, in the short run, most economists believe that re and nominal variables are intertwined. Economists use the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply to examine the economy's short-run fluctuations around the long-run output level. The following graph shows an incomplete short-run aggregate demand (AD) and aggrega supply (AS) diagram-it needs appropriate labels for the ax and curves. In the questions that follow you will identify so of the missing labels. X AD HORIZONTAL AXIS VERTICAL AXIS The…
- In section 5.2 we showed that if the money stock follows a mst-order autoregressive process with c (a) Give the economic intuition behind this result. (b) Suppose that the growth rate of money follows a stable mst-order autoregressive process. Solve for the process for the price level. (c) Does the same characterization hold with the addition of the words "relative to trend" following high and low?In the aftermath of the Great Recession, the Beveridge cuve in the US...A. ...has shifted to the rightB. ...has shifted to the leftC. ...has been fairly stableD. ...has been unobservable due to lack of data on vacanciesAssume an economy operates in the intermediate range of its aggregate supplycurve. For each of the following changes in conditions, state the direction of theeffect on:1. aggregate demand, 2. aggregate supply, 3. price level, and 4. real GDP. a) The Central Bank increases the cash interest rate i need ans of this too.
- Suppose that in Macroland the consumption and the investment have a negative relationship withthe real interest rate and positive relationship with Y. The Central Bank of the country targets acertain nominal interest rate and lets the money supply adjust in order to reach that interest rate.a. Draw a graph of the IS-LM model in this situation.b. Suppose that the Central Bank announces an increase of the interest rate in the future.Represent graphically the initial position of IS-LM curves. Then, show the IS-LM curves of thefuture, after the announced increase in the interest rate is implemented. (Assume that the ISis constant.).c. Suppose that agents today take into consideration the resulting income of the future whendeciding the amount of consumption and investment. Show what happens to the IS-LMcurves today after the announcement of the CB (tip: the CB is NOT increasing the nominalinterest rate today).d. The government decides to step in and avoid any deviation of Y from the initial…In the 1970s a common practice was to estimate a distributed lag modelrelating changes in nominal gross domestic product (Y) to current andpast changes in the money supply (X). Under what assumptions will thisregression estimate the causal effects of money on nominal GDP? Arethese assumptions likely to be satisfied in a modern economy like that ofthe United States?A number of macroeconomic variables decline during recessions. One of these variables is the GDP. What other variables, besides real GDP, tend to decline during recessions? Given the definition of real GDP and its components, explain the declines in these economic variables which are to be expected. Empirical studies indicate that the long-run trend in real GDP of the USA has an upward trend. How is this possible given business cycles and macroeconomic fluctuations? What factors explain the upward trend in spite of the cycles?
- Below is a graphical model of the AS-AD. In this model the initial level of the economy is at the low output and low inflation. Describe what happens to the economy when the BSP decides to lower interest rate and most likely this will lead to an increase in money supply thereafter. Price Level AS P1 P AD1 AD Y Y1 National income (real GDP) Copyright: www.economicsonline.co.uk Answer the following guide questions. Based on the graph above.. a.What happens to the aggregate demand? Describe your answer. b.What happens to the level of output? Describe your answer. c.What happens to the price level? Describe your answer. d. State your conclusion on the effect of the monetary policy made by the BSP.Which of the following is most commonly used to monitor short-run changes in economic activity?a. the inflation rateb. real GDPc. aggregate demandd. aggregate supplyDefine recession.