In the two-firm linear demand case (with constant marginal costs) with homogeneous goods, let the superscript “c” denote Cournot, “s” denote Stackelberg, and “b” denote Bertrand. How does Consumer Surplus (CS) compare across the models? Choose the correct answer: (a) CSb > CSs > CSc (b) CSc > CSs > CSb (c) CSc > CSb > CSs (d) CSb > CSc > CSs (e) CSs > CSc > CSb (f) CSs > CSb > CSc
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- d) Explain what is meant by the term Paretooptimality.Explain whether the Pareto criterion is an efficiency criterion or a distribution criterion.Is the equilibrium of free competition Paretooptimal? p=320– 2x, e) Market demand for an item is provided by where p is the price of the p= 20+x. item and x is traded quantity. The market supply curve is provided by Find the market equilibrium during free competition and calculate the consumer surplus, producer surplus and socio-economic surplus.Illustrates graphically.P(Q) (or MSB) = 50 - 0.5Q Р(О) (MPC) %3 25 + 0.5Q МЕС - 0.5Q Рс (Соmpetitive Equilibrium Price) %3 37.50 Qc (Competitive Equilibrium Quantity) = 25 Pe (Efficient Equilibrium Price) = 41.67 Qe (Efficient Equilibrium Quantity) = 16.66 1) Sketch the curves for these functions and illustrate the competitive equilibrium and label Pc and Qc and efficient equilibrium (labelling Pɛ and QE). 2) On the diagram from part 1, illustrate the areas that correspond to the loss in profit for the firm, the total gain to society and the net gain to society when comparing the competitive equilibrium to the efficient equilibrium11. Application: Elasticity and hotel rooms The following graph input tool shows the daily demand for hotel rooms at the Peacock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. To help the hotel management better understand the market, an economist identified three primary factors that affect the demand for rooms each night. These demand factors, along with the values corresponding to the initial demand curve, are shown in the following table and alongside the graph input tool. (Note: All values are hypothetical.) Demand Factor Initial Value Average Canadian household income $50,000 per year Round trip airfare from Toronto (YYZ) to Las Vegas (LAS) $100 per round trip Room rate at the Grandiose Hotel and Casino, which is near the Peacock $250 per night Use the graph input tool to help you answer the following questions. You will not be scored on any changes you make to this graph. оп апy Note: Once you enter a value in a white field, the graph and any corresponding amounts in each grey field…
- Assume Tea brands ChotooChai and BaraChai are competing brands in the market. With arrival of winter season, ChotooChai announces good promotional deals. Using ‘Comparative Statics Analysis’ of demand and supply model: How will the managements of the two brands study the short-run and long-run impact on Tea Sales, after the announcement of promotions in the market of Tea? Demonstrate and explain, with clearly labelled two panel diagrams, the ‘Rationing Function’ and the Allocating or ‘Guiding Function’ of Price.Stutz Department Store will buy 10 pairs of sunglasses if the price is $76 per pair and 30 pairs if the price is $26. The supplier of the sunglasses is willing to provide 35 pairs if the price is $81 per pair but only 5 pairs if the price is $21. Assuming that the supply and demand functions for the sunglasses are linear, find the market equilibrium point. Suppose that in a certain market the demand function for a product is given by 10p + q = 2,100 and the supply function is given by 50p − q = 1,350. (Assume price is measured in dollars.) If the government levies a tax of $3 per item, find the equilibrium point after the tax is levied. The tax is added to the selling price of the product.Suppose that managers at Honda are deciding how to price the new Honda Accord. The managers estimate that their total costs increase by $20,000 for each car they produce. They also estimate the demand curve they face; it is described by the equation: Q = -0.4 P + 16,000, where Q represents the quantity of Honda Accords they will sell and P represents the price they charge in US dollars. We can re-write that demand curve as: P = 40,000 - 2.5 Q. Take every possibly quantity that the managers might choose between and 7,000 in units of 100. For each possible quantity, calculate the associated price the managers would need to charge, the revenue they would earn, and the total costs. You can then calculate profits for each level of quantity. Highlight the cell that contains the highest value of profit. Finally, you can also approximate marginal revenue here as the change in total revenue after the next 100 cars are produced. At what quantity does marginal revenue roughly equal marginal cost?…
- 2. In the following, we are going to use the microeconomic theory we have developed in class to explore the short run implications of the rise in the price of gasoline in 2022 due to various factors, including the war in Ukraine. We can use the "constant elasticity" demand function, Qg = Pey, as a framework for representing the demand for gasoline. The reason it is named as such is that the exponents for the price of gasoline (P) and income (Y), denote the price elasticity of demand (e) and income elasticity of demand () for all levels of each variable. a. Use the formula for price elasticity of demand to calculate the price elasticity of demand to show that it equals the parameter &. Note that you would receive an analogous result if you did this for income elasticity of demand. b. Use the following estimated values to "calibrate" the constant elasticity demand function, that is, use algebra to solve for a value for the parameter (phi) based on average annual consumption, average…Suppose that managers at Honda are deciding how to price the new Honda Accord. The managers estimate that their total costs increase by $20,000 for each car they produce. They also estimate the demand curve they face; it is described by the equation: Q = -0.4 P + 16,000, where Q represents the quantity of Honda Accords they will sell and P represents the price they charge in US dollars. We can re-write that demand curve as: P = 40,000 - 2.5 Q. Take every possibly quantity that the managers might choose between 0 and 7,000 in units of 100. For each possible quantity, calculate the associated price the managers would need to charge, the revenue they would earn, and the total costs. You can then calculate profits for each level of quantity. Highlight the cell that contains the highest value of profit.The daily demand of two firms Firm 1 and Firm 2 producing two products is given by : D1 = 5 - 22P1 + 11P2 D2 = 50 - 22P1 + 11P2 These are the only firms producing the products. MC of Firm 1 is $0.5 per product and MC of Firm 2 is $2 per product. Q1. Calculate the equilibrium quantity and price of both the firms. You may assume that firms want to maximise the profits. Q2.Calculate producer surplus and deadweight loss.
- Spreadsheet exercises. Suppose that the market for video games is competitive with demand function Qd = 130 − 4p + 2Y + 3pm − 2pc, where Qd is the quantity demanded, p is the market price, Y is the monthly budget that anaverage consumer has available for entertainment, pm is the average price of a movie, and pc is the price of a controller that is required to play these games. Given that Y = $100, pm = $30, and pc = $30, use Excel to calculate quantity demanded for p = $10 to p = $80 in $5 increments. Use Excel’s charting tool to draw the demand curve. Let Y = $100, pm = $30, and pc increase to $40. Recalculate the demand schedule in part 1 and use Excel to draw the new demand curve.A manufacturing business can supply 60 plasma TV sets per month at a price of $280 per set, or sell 140 plasma TV sets if the price is $370 per set. A group of retailers will buy 80 plasma TV’s if the price is $350 per pair and 120 plasma TV’s if the price is $300 per set. Given that the demand and supply functions must be linear: Find the linear equations representing both demand and supply Find the point of market equilibrium (number of TVs: q) and the price per unit (p) at that point.AT&T. It is early in the days of cellular (or mobile) telephony, and you are the price manager for AT&T's cell phone plan. It has been determined that there are two market segments: low-value consumers and high-value consumers. For simplicity, assume that all consumers within a segment are identical. A consumer in the low-value segment has monthly demand (measured in number of minutes) of Q, (p) = 80 - p, and a consumer in the high-value segment has monthly demand of QH (P) = 100 -p, where p is in cents per minute. a. Assume AT&T charges a flat price per minute with no membership fee. Derive the expression for consumer surplus for a low-value consumer and for a high-value consumer as a function of the price, p. Low-value consumer surplus, CS, (p): = High-value consumer surplus, CS, (p) = Show Transcribed Text Assume AT&T's marginal cost is a constant 10 cents per minute. You have decided to use a two-part tariff and must choose the monthly fixed fee f and the per-minute charge p. There…