In the absence of cladosporin, explain the initiation steps in the synthesis of lysyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme or protein in the bacterial cell, with the involvement of all initiation factors, each site in the ribosome, any important conserved sequence, subunits of ribosomes, initiation codon, charged tRNA containing what amino acid, whether it requires ATP or GTP

In the absence of cladosporin, explain the initiation steps in the synthesis of lysyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme or protein in the bacterial cell, with the involvement of all initiation factors, each site in the ribosome, any important conserved sequence, subunits of ribosomes, initiation codon, charged tRNA containing what amino acid, whether it requires ATP or GTP

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter15: Genes And Proteins

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3VCQ: Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks...

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In Plasmodium, describe the processing of lysyl-tRNA synthetase transcript, by including the localization within the cell, any processing and packaging in general. Any particles that bind to the mRNA molecules, exchange, any membrane to cross, any functional groups to be added
RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli normally synthesizes all of the following molecules except: RNA primers during DNA replication messenger RNA (mRNA) transfer RNA (tRNA) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) heterogenous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)
In the absence of cladosporin, explain the elongation steps in the synthesis of lysyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme or protein in bacterial cells by including any elongation factors, base pairing of codon/anticodon, any conformational shift, proofreading, any hydrolysis, exchange, ribosomal subunits involved, charged tRNA, peptide bond formed. This question does not require a super long in depth answer, a short to the point answer is preferred if possible. Thank you!
Describe the prokaryotic translation initiation shown in the diagram. Define the convention of protein synthesis (directionality of synthesis) as well as the meaning of the A, P, and E sites of the ribosome.
Determine whether each event occurs during initiation, elongation, or termination. Initiation Peptidyl transferase transfers the peptidyl group to water. In E. coli, EF-Tu hydrolyzes GTP. Elongation In E. coli, mRNA binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Answer Bank In prokaryotes, the Shine-Dalgarno sequence pairs with rRNA. In E. coli, EF-Tu delivers an aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome. Termination Translocation occurs. Initiator tRNA enters the P site.
Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks the A site on the bacterial ribosome, and chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect each of these antibiotics to have on protein synthesis? Tetracycline would directly affect: tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain Chloramphenicol would directly affect tRNA binding to the ribosome ribosome assembly growth of the protein chain
Given the following tRNA anticodon sequence, derive the mRNA and the DNA template strand. Also, write out the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by this message. tRNA: UAC UCU CGA GGC mRNA: protein: How many hydrogen bonds would be present in the DNA segment?
identify start/end site, which amino acid will be on the tRNA that is the first to bind to the A site of ribosome, anticodon on the tRNA in the P site of the ribosome when release factor bings to A site, and what amino acid sequence of the protein that will be formed from mRNA? Here is the mRNA sequence:5'GUUUCCCGUAUACAUGCGUGCCGGGGGCCCGUUACCAGGCCUCAUUAUUGGAUAACGGAAAAAAAAAAAAA3'
"Place the following prokaryotic translation events in order: translocation, binding of initiator tRNA, binding of release factor, assembly of small and large ribosomal subunits, peptide bond formation O Assembly of small and large ribosomal subunits, binding of release factor, peptide bond formation, binding of initiator tRNA, translocation Assembly of small and large ribosomal subunits, binding of initiator tRNA, peptide bond formation, translocation, binding of release factor O Assembly of small and large ribosomal subunits, binding of release factor, binding of initiator tRNA, peptide bond formation, translocation O Assembly of small and large ribosomal subunits, binding of initiator tRNA, translocation, peptide bond formation, binding of release factor
How do sigma factors help regulate gene expression during the transition to stationary phase? O Sigma factors create extra nutrients by fixing CO2 and N2 in the air, thereby preventing the onset of stationary phase. O Different sigma factors recognize different promoters. Sigma factors that recognize stress response and catabolic metabolism promoters are expressed during stationary phase and the housekeeping sigma factor is downregulated, Thus, transcription shifts toward stress response and away from growth, O Sigma factors bind the ribosome and block it from translating certain MRNAS that no longer need to be translated in stationary phase O Signa factors are transcriptional inhibitors, they stop transcription entirely so the bacteria don't waste energy on transcription during starvation O Stationary phase is caused by rifampin treatment, and sigma factors block rifampin activity. thereby preventing the onset of stationary phase.
Drag the functions involved in the bacterial translation process into the appropriate box with the corresponding name of the translation factor or component. Reset Help Prevents premature association of the large ribosomal subunit with the small Serves as the MRNA binding site for Guides the initiator fMet-tRNA into the the small ribosomal subunit. P site. ribosomal subunit. Prevents entry of an amino-acyl tRNA into the ribosome A site during the early initiation stages. Assists incoming amino-acyl RNA into the A site. IF1 IF2 IF3 EF-Tu Shine-Dalgarno sequence
Order the following choices to indicate the sequence of steps in the process of elongation of a growing peptide chain. Peptidyltransferase reaction catalyzed by large rRNA subunit. Aminoacyl-tRNA binds the ribosomal A site via EF1x-GTP hydrolysis. EF2-GTP hydrolysis promotes translocation of the ribosome. Release of EF1«-GDP. >