In a mendelian monohybrid cross the F, generation shows identical genotypic and phenotypic ratios. What does it tell us about the nature of alleles involved? Justify your answer. 17.
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Genetic Variation
Genetic variation refers to the variation in the genome sequences between individual organisms of a species. Individual differences or population differences can both be referred to as genetic variations. It is primarily caused by mutation, but other factors such as genetic drift and sexual reproduction also play a major role.
Quantitative Genetics
Quantitative genetics is the part of genetics that deals with the continuous trait, where the expression of various genes influences the phenotypes. Thus genes are expressed together to produce a trait with continuous variability. This is unlike the classical traits or qualitative traits, where each trait is controlled by the expression of a single or very few genes to produce a discontinuous variation.
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- 40. A scientist is studying insect wing length. An individual from a pure-breeding parental line (P1), for which the VP is 40 mm2, is mated with an individual from a pure-breeding parental line (P2), for which the VP is 80 mm2. This results in F1 progeny that has a VP of 54 mm2. A cross between two F1 progeny results in offspring with a VP of 92 mm. What is the genotypic variance? Group of answer choices a. 14 mm b. 34 mm c. 32 mm d. 38 mm182 Chapter 15 Using the Punnett Square The Punnett Square is a simple method of predicting the probable outcome of genetic crosses. Step 1 Draw a square like this: Put the gametes of one parent here. Put the gametes of the other parent here. Step 2 Determine what kinds of gametes are made by each parent in the cross, and put those gametes into the boxes of the Punnett Square. If your mate is heterozygous (Ff), then those gametes are For example, if you are homozygous recessive for attached earlobes (ff), then all of your gametes are Step 3 Fill in the offspring boxes of the Punnett Square. Why is it unnecessary to fill in this box with another smallf? ff F Ff In this example there are only two possible offspring genotypes. The Punnett Square tells us to expect about 50% ff and 50% Ff. Sometimes the Punnett Square is more complex than this and you must figure out more than one trait at a time. Nevertheless, you use the same basic method. Procedure Make up your own genotype example and…Height of the plant if a homozygous tall pea plant is crossed with a homozygous short pea plant, what are the possible genotype and phenotypes of the offspring? Legend: T- tall pea plant t- short pea plant Genotypes of the parents TT x tt Question 1. what is the genotypic ratio 2. what are the possible phenotypes of the offspring? 3. What is the phenotypic ratio? 4. what is the probability of having a short trait?
- In the F2 generation of this cross, 224/300 embryos develop into wild-type flies, while 76/300 of embryos display the lethal no head phenotype. 3. What are the F2 phenotype ratios?In autotetraploid Chinese primrose (Primula sinensis L.), the gene controlling stigma color is very near the centromere of the chromosome carrying it. The allele G for green stigma is dominant to g for red stigmas. A homozygous green autotetraploid strain is crossed with a homozygous red autotetraploid strain. 1. What is the genotype of the Fl? 2. Show the types of gametes the Fl's may be expected to form and derive the expected proportion of each. Show your solution. 3. What phenotypic ratio of green to red is expected if: a. the Fl's are intercrossed? Show your solution. b. the Fl's are crossed with red plants? Show your solution. c. If the G locus were 50 or more map units from the centromere, what types and proportions of gametes would the Fl be expected to produce? Derive the expected F2 phenotypic ratio.43. Two pea plants are crossed. Each is heterozygous for height (T=tall, t= dwarf) and purple flowers (P = purple flowers, p=white flowers). What percentage of the offspring will be dwarf and white? phenotypic ratio Was it necessary to complete a Punnett square to answer this question? Explain.
- Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea There are tests to identify carriers that allow couples with a family history of a disorder to make informed decisions about having children. Genetic counseling for these families is based on Mendelian genetics and probability rules. Work through the example of hypo- thetical couple Tyler and Lily on p. 288 of your text to understand the mathematics involved. Then, solve the following problems. 37. Lucia and Jared each have a sibling with cystic fibrosis; neither Lucia or Jared nor any of their parents have the disease. Calculate the probability that a child born to this couple will have cystic fibrosis. Show your work and explain your answer. a. b. What would be the probability if a test revealed that Jared is a carrier, but Lucia is not? Show your work and explain your answer.Three genes in fruit flies affect a particular trait, andone dominant allele of each gene is necessary to get awild-type phenotype.a. What phenotypic ratios would you predict amongthe progeny if you crossed triply heterozygous flies?b. You cross a particular wild-type male in successionwith three tester strains. In the cross with one testerstrain (AA bb cc), only 1/4 of the progeny are wildtype. In the crosses involving the other two testerstrains (aa BB cc and aa bb CC), half of the progeny are wild type. What is the genotype of thewild-type male?We have crossed true-breeding flies today. Wild type to mutant. Their phenotypes were wt and vg se. (Let’s not worry about males and females for now, just assume both genes are autosomal, which is normal in a Mendelian experiment). The results of a cross are phenotypes. I will be asking you for numbers or a ratio of phenotype numbers you expect to see in the offspring from this cross. To answer this, you’ll need to start with the genotypes of parents, then write their gametes, then write the offspring genotypes, then get the phenotypes based on them. Predict the results of this cross: In case both mutations are recessive; In case both mutations are dominant; In case vestigial wings are recessive and the sepia eyes are dominant.
- 44. A trihybrid cross is made between two plants with genotypes A/a B/b C/c how many offsprings of such cross will have a genotype a/a b/b c/c - (1) 1/64 (2) 1/4 (3) 1/16 (4) 1/32In an autotetraploid Chinese primrose, the gene controlling stigma color is very near the centromere of the chromosome carrying it. The allele G for green stigma is dominant to g for red stigmas. A homozygous green autotetraploid strain is crossed with a homozygous red autotetraploid strain. 1. What is the genotype of F1 and the types of gametes the F1’s may be expected to form and the expected proportion of each? 2.If the G locus were 50 or more map units from the centromere, what types and proportions of gametes would the F1 be expected to produce? Derive the expected F2 phenotypic ratio.An a cross between two true-breeding plants, Parent #1 with yellow, round peas and Parent #2 with green, wrinkled peas, 1. a. What is the genotype of each plant in the cross. What proportion of the F1 progeny will have the same phenotype as Parent #2. After you self the F1s, what proportion of the progeny will have the same phenotype as Parent #1. C. What proportion of the progeny will have the same genotype as Parent # 1. d. b.