iIllustrate how a binary semaphore can be used to implement mutual exclusion among n processes.
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- Solve the following problems using Scala with Classic Akka Actors. For each problem, also implement client actors for sending the messages required for beginning the required computation. Use these client actors for testing your application actors. Recall the card shuffling problem. In a Faro shuffle, a stack of cards is broken up into two, and then combined so that a card from one sub-stack is followed by one from the other, and so on. A perfect Faro shuffle breaks up the stack into two sub-stacks of exactly the same size, and then combines them in the manner described above. An out-shuffle results in the top and the bottom cards of the stack remaining the same after the shuffle; an in-shuffle results in these cards becoming the second and the second last cards of the shuffled stack. Implement a shuffler actor which accepts a message containing a deck of cards as a list of even length, an integer indicating the number of times that the deck is to be shuffled, and a boolean…What is a semaphore? What is the difference between a binary semaphore and a countingsemaphore? Show that if the wait and signal operations in a semaphore are not executedatomically, then mutual exclusion may be violated.Show that a counting semaphore can be implemented using binary semaphores. (Hint: Use a shared variable of type integer and two binary semaphores)
- A ring buffer, often known as a circular queue, is a fixed-size N FIFO data structure. It can be used to transport data between asynchronous processes or to store log files. When the buffer is empty, the consumer must wait for data to be deposited; when the buffer is full, the producer must wait for data to be deposited. Create a RingBuffer API as well as an implementation that uses an array representation (with circular wrap-around).Modify the producer-consumer implementation code bellow, so that it uses monitors to handle race conditions instead of semaphores or mutexes. Use the pthread library implementation #include <pthread.h> #include <semaphore.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define BUFFER_SIZE 20 pthread_mutex_t mutex; int count = 0; int buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; pthread_t tid; int producers = 0, consumers = 0; void insert(int item) { while (count == BUFFER_SIZE); if (count < BUFFER_SIZE) { buffer[producers] = item; producers++; producers=producers%BUFFER_SIZE; sleep(1); } return; } int remove_item() { int item; while (count == 0); if (count > 0) { item = buffer[consumers]; buffer[consumers] = buffer[consumers - 1]; consumers++; consumers=consumers%BUFFER_SIZE; sleep(1); } return item; } void * producer(void *param) { int item; while (1) { item = rand() % BUFFER_SIZE; while (count >= BUFFER_SIZE);…Deduce a Java program for the concept of Mutual Exclusion by using the following options. ▪ Synchronized method. ▪ Synchronized block. ▪ Static Synchronization
- Write a Java program for all the concepts of Mutual Exclusion by using the following options.▪ Synchronized method.▪ Synchronized block.▪ Static SynchronizationJava Simulate the behavior of a hash map. Assume the following: the hash table array has an initial capacity of 10 the hash table uses separate chaining to resolve collisions and adds new values at the beginning of the linked list. the hash function returns the absolute value of the integer key, mod the capacity of the hash table rehashing occurs at the end of an add where the load factor is ≥ 0.5 and doubles the capacity of the hash table Fill in the diagram to show the final state of the hash table after the following operations are performed. Write each bucket as key:value pairs with arrows between them, such as key1:value1 -> key2:value2 -> key3:value3 . Put a \ in the box if an array element is unused. Also write the size, capacity, and load factor of the final hash table. Write the load factor in 0.x format, such as 0.5 or 0.75. hashTable[ 0 ] : _____ hashTable[ 1 ] hashTable[ 2 ] hashTable[ 3 ] hashTable[ 4 ] hashTable[ 5 ] hashTable[ 6 ] hashTable[ 7 ] hashTable[ 8 ]…Write a C program that implements a hash table with chaining for collision resolution. The program should allow the user to add, search, and delete elements from the hash table. When a collision occurs, the program should use a linked list to store multiple elements with the same hash value. The program should also keep track of the number of collisions and provide a way to display the entire hash table.
- Write the following code in java. Data races occur when there is insufficient synchronisation around composite operations. Write a short program that illustrates a data raceYou can use URLs to access information on the Web from within Java programmes. (uniform resource locators). MindSlave software programmers (working on their new NetPotato browser) want to maintain track of a potentially enormous bookmark list of frequently visited URLs. It would be ideal if they could have arbitrary access to the values saved in the list. Is a List a suitable data structure? (Tip: If not, why not?)Write a program that simulates a toy paging system that uses the WSClock algorithm. The system is a toy in that we will assume there are no write references (not very realistic), and process termination and creation are ignored (eternal life). The inputs will be: The reclamation age threshhold The clock interrupt interval expressed as number of memory references A file containing the sequence of page references Describe the basic data structures and algorithms in your implementation. Show that your simulation behaves as expected for a simple (but nontrivial) input example. Plot the number of page faults and working set size per 1000 memory references. Explain what is needed to extend the program to handle a page reference stream that also includes writes.