(ii) Suppose that 80% of the R&D and selling expenses are traceable to Zderm. Prepare life-cycle income statements for each product. What does this indicate about the importance of accurate life-cycle costing?
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Process Costing
Process costing is a sort of operation costing which is employed to determine the value of a product at each process or stage of producing process, applicable where goods produced from a series of continuous operations or procedure.
Job Costing
Job costing is adhesive costs of each and every job involved in the production processes. It is an accounting measure. It is a method which determines the cost of specific jobs, which are performed according to the consumer’s specifications. Job costing is possible only in businesses where the production is done as per the customer’s requirement. For example, some customers order to manufacture furniture as per their needs.
ABC Costing
Cost Accounting is a form of managerial accounting that helps the company in assessing the total variable cost so as to compute the cost of production. Cost accounting is generally used by the management so as to ensure better decision-making. In comparison to financial accounting, cost accounting has to follow a set standard ad can be used flexibly by the management as per their needs. The types of Cost Accounting include – Lean Accounting, Standard Costing, Marginal Costing and Activity Based Costing.
(ii) Suppose that 80% of the R&D and selling expenses are traceable to Zderm. Prepare life-cycle income statements for each product. What does this indicate about the importance of accurate life-cycle costing?
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- Jim Salters, the COO of CryoDerm, has asked his cost management team for a product-line profitability analysis for his firm’s two products, Zderm and Bderm. The two skincare products require a large amount of research and development and advertising. After receiving the following statement fromCryoDerm’s costing team, Jim concludes that Zderm is the more profitable product and that perhaps cost-cutting measures should be applied to Bderm. Zderm Bderm Total Sales $3,000,000 $2,000,000 $5,000,000 Cost of Goods Sold ($1,900,000) ($1,600,000) ($3,500,000) Gross Profit $1,100,000 $ 400,000 $1,500,000 R&D (900,000) Selling expenses (100,000) Profit before taxes $ 500,000 Required:(i) Briefly explain why Jim may be wrong in his assessment of the relative performance of the twoproducts. (ii) Suppose that 80% of the R&D and selling expenses are traceable to Zderm. Prepare life-cycle income statements for each product. What does this indicate…Salem Electronics currently produces two products: a programmable calculator and a tape recorder. A recent marketing study indicated that consumers would react favorably to a radio with the Salem brand name. Owner Kenneth Booth was interested in the possibility. Before any commitment was made, however, Kenneth wanted to know what the incremental fixed costs would be and how many radios must be sold to cover these costs. In response, Betty Johnson, the marketing manager, gathered data for the current products to help in projecting overhead costs for the new product. The overhead costs based on 30,000 direct labor hours follow. (The high-low method using direct labor hours as the independent variable was used to determine the fixed and variable costs.) All depreciation. The following activity data were also gathered: Betty was told that a plantwide overhead rate was used to assign overhead costs based on direct labor hours. She was also informed by engineering that if 20,000 radios were produced and sold (her projection based on her marketing study), they would have the same activity data as the recorders (use the same direct labor hours, machine hours, setups, and so on). Engineering also provided the following additional estimates for the proposed product line: Upon receiving these estimates, Betty did some quick calculations and became quite excited. With a selling price of 26 and just 18,000 of additional fixed costs, only 4,500 units had to be sold to break even. Since Betty was confident that 20,000 units could be sold, she was prepared to strongly recommend the new product line. Required: 1. Reproduce Bettys break-even calculation using conventional cost assignments. How much additional profit would be expected under this scenario, assuming that 20,000 radios are sold? 2. Use an activity-based costing approach, and calculate the break-even point and the incremental profit that would be earned on sales of 20,000 units. 3. Explain why the CVP analysis done in Requirement 2 is more accurate than the analysis done in Requirement 1. What recommendation would you make?Valmont Company has developed a new industrial piece of equipment called the XP-200. The company is considering two methods of establishing a selling price for the XP-200-absorption cost-plus pricing and value-based pricing. Valmont's cost accounting system reports an absorption unit product cost for XP-200 of $9,300. Its markup percentage on absorption cost is 85%. The company's marketing managers have expressed concerns about the use of absorption cost-plus pricing because it seems to overlook the fact that the XP-200 offers superior performance relative to the comparable piece of equipment sold by Valmont's primary competitor. More specifically, the XP-200 can be used for 18,000 hours before replacement. It only requires $1,900 of preventive maintenance during its useful life and it consumes $165 of electricity per 900 hours used. These figures compare favorably to the competing piece of equipment that sells for $18,000, needs to be replaced after 9,000 hours of use, requires $3,800…
- A chemical engineer working for a large chemical products company was asked to make a recommendation about which of three mutually exclusive revenue alternatives should be selected for improving the marketability of personal care products used for conditioning hair, cleansing skin, removing wrinkles, etc. The alternatives (X, Y, and Z) were ranked in order of increasing initial investment and then compared by incremental rate of return analysis. The rate of return on each increment of investment was less than the company’s MARR of 17% per year. The alternative to select is: (a) DN (b) Alternative X (c) Alternative Y (d) Alternative ZValmont Company has developed a new industrial piece of equipment called the XP-200. The company is considering two methods of establishing a selling price for the XP-200-absorption cost-plus pricing and value -based pricing. Valmont's cost accounting system reports an absorption unit product cost for XP-200 of $ 9,400. Its markup percentage on absorption cost is 85%. The company's marketing managers have expressed concerns about the use of absorption cost- plus pricing because it seems to overlook the fact that the XP-200 offers superior performance relative to the comparable piece of equipment sold by Valmont's primary competitor. More specifically, the XP-200 can be used for 19,000 hours before replacement. It only requires $2,000 of preventive maintenance during its useful life and it consumes $170 of electricity per 950 hours used. These figures compare favorably to the competing piece of equipment that sells for $19,000, needs to be replaced after 9, 500 hours of use, requires…Burger Office Equipment produces two types of desks, standard and deluxe. Deluxe desks have oak tops and more expensive hardware and require additional time for finishing and polishing. After reviewing the hardware and labor required along with the profit for each model, Burger Office Equipment found the following linear optimization model for profit, where S is the number of standard desks produced and D is the number of deluxe desks produced. Implement the linear optimization model on a spreadsheet and use Solver to find an optimal solution. Interpret the optimal solution, identify the binding constraints, and verify the values of the slack variables. Maximize Profit=240 S+350 D 65 S+45 D≤6000 20 D≤ 800 (Availability of pine) 9 S+18 D≤500 S≥0 and D≥0 (Availability of oak) (Availability of labor) Implement the linear optimization model and find an optimal solution. Interpret the optimal solution. The optimal solution is to produce standard desks and deluxe desks. This solution gives…
- Rockness asked, "Do you see any problems here? Should we drop any of these products? Should we reprice any of these products?" He said, "I am suspicious of these cost data, Rocky. Here we are assigning indirect costs to these products using a 260 percent rate. I really wonder whether that rate is accurate for all products. I want you to dig into the indirect cost data, figure out what drives those costs, and see whether you can give me more accurate cost numbers for these products." Rocky first learned from production that the process required four activities: (1) setting up production runs, (2) managing production runs, and (3) managing products. The fourth activity did not require labor; it was simply the operation of machinery. Next, he went to the accounting records to get a breakdown of indirect costs. Here is what he found: ---------------------------------------------------IMAGE 2----------------------------------------------------------------- Then, he began a series of…Life-Cycle Costing Kate Stephens, the COO of BioDerm, has asked her cost management team for a product-line profitability analysis for her firm’s two products, Xderm and Yderm. The two skin care products require a large amount of research and development and advertising. After receiving the following statement from BioDerm’s accountants, Kate concludes that Xderm is the more profitable product and that perhaps cost-cutting measures should be applied to Yderm: 1.Suppose that 75% of the R&D and selling expenses are traceable to Xderm. Using this assumption, compute the life-cycle income for each product and the return on sales for each product. See attachment. Please explain. Thanks!The jarvis corporation produces bucket loader assemblies for the tractor industry. The product has a long term life expectancy. Jarvis has a traditional manufacturing and inventory system. Jarvis is considering the installation of a just-in-time inventory system to improve its cost structure. In doing a full study using its manufacturing engineering team as well as consulting with industry JIT experts and the main vendors and suppliers of the components Jarvis uses to manufacture the bucket loader assemblies, the following incremental cost-benefit relevant information is available for analysis: The Jarvis cost of investment capital hurdle rate is 15%. One time cost to rearrange the shop floor to create the manufacturing cell workstations is $275,000. One time cost to retrain the existing workforce for the JIT required skills is $60,000. Anticipated defect reduction is 40%. Currently there is a cost of quality defect assessment listed as $150,000 per year. The setup time for…
- Kagle design engineers are in the process of developing a new “green” product, one that will significantly reduce impact on the environment and yet still provide the desired customer functionality. Currently, two designs are being considered. The manager of Kagle has told the engineers that the cost for the new product cannot exceed $550 per unit (target cost). In the past, the Cost Accounting Department has given estimated costs using a unit-based system. At the request of the Engineering Department, Cost Accounting is providing both unit- and activity-based accounting information (made possible by a recent pilot study producing the activity-based data). Unit-based system:Variable conversion activity rate: $100 per direct labor hourMaterial usage rate: $20 per partABC system:Labor usage: $15 per direct labor hourMaterial usage (direct materials): $20 per partMachining: $75 per machine hourPurchasing activity: $150 per purchase orderSetup activity: $3,000 per setup hourWarranty…Life-Cycle Costing Kate Stephens, the COO of BioDerm, has asked her cost management team for a product-line profitability analysis for her firm’s two products, Xderm and Yderm. The two skin care products require a large amount of research and development and advertising. After receiving the following statement from BioDerm’s accountants, Kate concludes that Xderm is the more profitable product and that perhaps cost-cutting measures should be applied to Yderm: Required Explain why Kate may be wrong in her assessment of the relative performance of the two products. Suppose that 75% of the R&D and selling expenses are traceable to Xderm. Using this assumption, compute the life-cycle income for each product and the return on sales for each product. Consider your answers to requirements 1 and 2 with the following additional information: R&D and selling expenses are substantially higher for Xderm because it is a new product. Kate has strongly supported development of the new…Valmont Company developed a new industrial piece of equipment called the XP-200. The company is considering two methods of establishing a selling price for the XP-200-absorption cost-plus pricing and value-based pricing. Valmont's cost accounting system reports an absorption unit product cost for XP-200 of $9,300. Its markup percentage on absorption cost is 85%. The company's marketing managers have expressed concerns about the use of absorption cost-plus pricing because it seems to overlook the fact that the XP-200 offers superior performance relative to the comparable piece of equipment sold by Valmont's primary competitor. More specifically, the XP-200 can be used for 18,000 hours before replacement. It only requires $1,900 of preventive maintenance during its useful life and it consumes $165 of electricity per 900 hours used. These figures compare favorably to the competing piece of equipment that sells for $18,000, needs to be replaced after 9,000 hours of use, requires $3,800 of…