How to forward to a border router? Consider the network shown below. Suppose AS1, AS2, AS3, and AS4 are running OSPF for their intra-AS routing protocol andthat all links have a weight of 1. Initially suppose there is no link between AS2 and AS4. Once router 1d learns about destination x, it will need to install aforwarding table entry to x. Indicate which one of the statements below are true.3b3aAS 34c1a4bAS 41cAS 11d4a1b2cAS 22bO 1d will forward along z1 since OSPF has computed the path to 1c is via z1.O 1d will forward along z2 since BGP has computed the path to 1c is via z2.O 1d will forward along z2 since OSPF has computed the path to 1c is via z2.O 1d will forward along z1 since BGP has computed the path to 1c is via z1.O 1d will forward along z1 since hot potato routing forwards clockwise.

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How to forward to a border router? Consider the network shown below. Suppose AS1, AS2, AS3, and AS4 are running OSPF for their intra-AS routing protocol and that all links have a weight of 1. Initially suppose there is no link between AS2 and AS4. Once router 1d learns about destination x, it will need to install a forwarding table entry to x. Indicate which one of the statements below are true. 3b AS 3 3a 1a 4b AS 4 4a 1c AS 1 1d 1b 2c AS 2 O 1d will forward along z1 since OSPF has computed the path to 1c is via z1. O 1d will forward along z2 since BGP has computed the path to 1c is via z2. O 1d will forward along z2 since OSPF has computed the path to 1c is via z2. O 1d will forward along z1 since BGP has computed the path to 1c is via z1. O 1d will forward along z1 since hot potato routing forwards clockwise.

How to forward to a border router? Consider the network shown below. Suppose AS1, AS2, AS3, and AS4 are running OSPF for their intra-AS routing protocol and that all links have a weight of 1. Initially suppose there is no link between AS2 and AS4. Once router 1d learns about destination x, it will need to install a forwarding table entry to x. Indicate which one of the statements below are true. 3b AS 3 3a 1a 4b AS 4 4a 1c AS 1 1d 1b 2c AS 2 O 1d will forward along z1 since OSPF has computed the path to 1c is via z1. O 1d will forward along z2 since BGP has computed the path to 1c is via z2. O 1d will forward along z2 since OSPF has computed the path to 1c is via z2. O 1d will forward along z1 since BGP has computed the path to 1c is via z1. O 1d will forward along z1 since hot potato routing forwards clockwise.

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10th Edition

ISBN:9780357108291

Author:ANDREWS, Jean.

Publisher:ANDREWS, Jean.

Chapter8: Network Infrastructure And Troubleshooting

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TC

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We have 5 routers labled A-E. Suppose we have the forwarding tables shown below after the routingalgorithm is stable. Let all links have cost 1. a. If a message is originated from A and a destination is E. Which path does it take?b. If a message is originated from C and a destination is D. Which path does it take?c. Give a diagram of a possible network consistent with these tables.
Each active interface of Distance vector gets frequent transmissions of the whole routing table that Distance vector maintains. The link status protocol broadcasts information about the state of a router's own connections to all other routers in the network. Each statement has two ideal examples that show how the Link state and the Distance vector may be utilized in a number of circumstances.
How to forward to a border router? Consider the network shown below. Suppose AS1, AS2, AS3, and AS4 are running OSPF for their intra-AS routing protocol and that all links have a weight of 1. Initially suppose there is no link between AS2 and AS4. Once router 1d learns about destination x, it will need to install a forwarding table entry to x. Indicate which one of the statements below are true. 3b 3c AS 3 3a 4c 1a 4b 21 AS 4 1c AS 1 1d 22 4a 1b X 2a 2c AS 2 2b 1d will forward along z2 since BGP has computed the path to 1c is via z2. 1d will forward along z2 since OSPF has computed the path to 1c is via z2. 1d will forward along z1 since hot potato routing forwards clockwise. 1d will forward along z1 since BGP has computed the path to 1c is via z1. 1d will forward along z1 since OSPF has computed the path to 1c is via z1.
QUESTION 78 Consider the network shown below. Suppose all ASs are running OSPF for their intra-AS routing protocol. Suppose EBGP and IBGP are used for the inter-AS routing protocol. All links in any AS has the same weights AS1 AS3 1b 1a 3b 1ç 110 30 19 За J11 3d AS2 12 114 2d 113. 4b 16 2a 15, 20 2b AS4 a. Router 3c learns about prefix x from which routing protocol? b. Router 3a learns about x from which routing protocol? c. Router 1c learns about x from which routing protocol? d. Router 4b learns about x from which routing protocol? Assuming AS1 and AS2 uses hot potatoes routing What woud be the entry for x in the 2b routing table? What would be the entry for x in the 2d routing table? What would be the entry for x in the 1c routing table? How AS2 can restrict AS1 from routing to X via AS2?
5.08. How to forward to a border router? Consider the network shown below. Suppose AS1, AS2, AS3, and AS4 are running OSPF for their intra-AS routing protocol and that all links have a weight of 1. Initially suppose there is no link between AS2 and AS4. Once router 1d learns about destination x, it will need to install a forwarding table entry to x. Indicate which one of the statements below are true.
5.09. How to forward to a border router? Consider the network shown below. Suppose AS1, AS2, AS3, and AS4 are running OSPF for their intra-AS routing protocol and that all links have a weight of 1. Now suppose the link between 2a and 4a is up, and that paths to x via AS2 and AS4 are known with AS1. Hot potato routing is used in conjunction with iBGP within an AS for determining the outgoing border router to use. Indicate which one of the statements below are true. 3b 3c AS 3 3a 4c 1a 4b AS 4 4a 1c AS 1 ²1 2₂. 1d 1b AS 2 1d will forward along z2 since 1d has a shorter intra-domain path than border router 1b to border router 1c, and hot potato routing is used. 1d will forward along z1 since OSPF has computed the path to 1c is via z1. 1d will forward along z1 since that was the path used initially. O 1d will forward along 1 or z2, since a hot potato can be thrown in any direction.
Consider the network shown below, and Dijkstra’s link-state algorithm. Suppose that Dijkstra's algorithm has been run to compute the least cost paths from node E to all other nodes. Now suppose that source node E has a packet to send to destination node A. What is the first router to which E will forward this packet on its path to A?
32. Consider the network shown below. Suppose AS3 and AS2 are running OSPF for their intra- AS routing protocol. Suppose AS1 and AS4 are running RIP for their intra-AS routing protocol. Suppose eBGP and iBGP are used for the inter- AS routing protocol. Initially suppose there is no physical link between AS2 and AS4. a. Router 3c learns about prefix x from which routing protocol: OSPF, RIP, eBGP, or iBGP? b. Router 3a learns about x from which routing protocol? c. Router 1c learns about x from which routing protocol? d. Router 1d learns about x from which routing protocol? 3b 3c AS3 3a 1a 4c 1c 1₁ 4b AS4 1d AS1 1₂ 4a 1b X 2a 2c AS2 2b
Assume now that between A and B there is a switch S that uses store and forward. The distance from A to S is m meters and from S to B 2m meters. The link speed between A and S is R bps and between S and B R/2 bps. A has a supply of 6 packets to send to B using UDP. The switch buffer can accommodate 3 packets including the one being transmitted (until it finishes its transmission). Will there be packet losses at the switch buffer. Which packets (number packets 1, 2, 3, ...). Draw an annotated time-space diagram to illustrate this data transmission. (you should roughly respect the scales in your drawing).
Consider the network shown below, and Dijkstra's link-state algorithm. Suppose that Dijkstra's algorithm has been run to compute the least cost paths from node E to all other nodes. Now suppose that source node E has a packet to send to destination node A. What is the first router to which E will forward this packet on its path to A? F A 3 2 B C 4 D 10 4 E 4 2
Each of Distance vector's active interfaces receives regular transmissions of the whole routing table that Distance vector maintains. The information about the condition of a router's own connections is broadcast to all other routers in the network through the link status protocol. There are two perfect examples that can be used for each assertion to demonstrate how the Link state and the Distance vector may be used in a variety of contexts.
1. Consider a path from host A to host B through a router X as follows: A- -X-B The capacity of the link AX is denoted Ra, while the capacity of the link XB is denoted Rb in units of [bits/s]. Assume that Ra Ri. Is it possible that the second packet queues at input queue of the second link? Explain. Now suppose that host A sends the second packet T seconds after sending the first packet. How large must T be to ensure no queueing before the second link? Explain.