How is it possible to determine the structure of an enzyme substrate complex by x ray crystallography when the reaction is over so quickly and the x ray analysis takes at least several minutes?
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How is it possible to determine the structure of an enzyme substrate complex by x ray crystallography when the reaction is over so quickly and the x ray analysis takes at least several minutes?
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- There are six classes of enzymes, namely oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases and ligases. (i) (ii) Cell disruption is one of the steps performed during enzyme production. Explain the reason of performing cell disruption in enzyme production and provide THREE (3) enzyme extraction methods for this type of enzyme. Explain the principles of gel electrophoresis as one of the methods used for enzyme purification.The Lineweaver-Burke plot was originally developed in order to "linearize" the data obtained from enzyme kinetics experiments, in order to facilitate the determination of kinetic parameters. Why is it not considered to be an accurate method for this purpose? It is very difficult to draw a straight line on a computer. It is very difficult to calculate the variables required for the "x" and "y" axis. It is more accurate to use the standard "V versus [S]" plot to determine Vmax and KM- The plot weights the least accurate data points the most heavily. It is no longer considered to be acceptable to extrapolate from known data.To purify a given enzyme from a crude extract that contains it, fractional precipitations, exchange chromatography are successively tested ionic and exclusion chromatography, with the results shown in the following table: Volume of dissolution Protein concentration Enzymatic activity (ml) (mg/ml) (U/ml) a) Calculate the percentage of recovery of the enzyme after each of the manipulations to which it has been subjected. b) Indicate if it is necessary to continue purifying the enzyme or if it is expected to have reached its electrophoretic homogeneity.
- During the early stages of an enzyme purification protocol, when cells have been lysed but cytosolic components have not been separated, the reaction velocity-versus-substrate concentration is sigmoidal. As you continue to purify the enzyme, the curve shifts to the right. Explain your results. This is an allosteric enzyme and you must use a Lineweaver-Burk plot to determine KM and Vmax correctly. This is an enzyme that displays Michaelis-Menten kinetics and you purify away an inhibitor. This is an allosteric enzyme and during purification you purify away an activator. This is an allosteric enzyme displaying a double-displacement mechanism and during purification you purify away one of the substrates: This is an enzyme that displays Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and you must use a Lineweaver-Burk plot to determine KM and Vmax correctly.Idris has successfully extracted enzymatic proteins from the fish viscera (intestines and stomach). After homogenization and centrifugation, he managed to pool the crude enzyme extract. He is characterizing the enzymes. Please help Idris by answering the followingquestions:(a). How do I determine the enzyme activity? Please give the unit. (b) How do I get the specific activity of this enzyme? Please give the unit.What is enzyme immobilization? What are the different methods of enzyme immobilization? What are the advantages of immobilized enzymes over free enzymes?
- Briefly comment on the differences of using a fixed-time assay versus a kinetic assay to measure enzyme activity. Is it reasonable to assume that the reaction velocity obtained by measuring the amount of product after 30 minutes in a fixed-time assay is directly proportional to absorbance? How could you determine whether this was the case? Word limit 180 words including citation and referenceIdris has successfully extracted enzymatic proteins from the fish viscera (intestines and stomach). After homogenization and centrifugation, he managed to pool the crude enzyme extract. He is characterizing the enzymes. Please help Idris by answering the followingquestions: (a) How do I run the experiment to find the kinetic properties of the enzyme, KMand Vmax? (b) The enzyme decreased in activity in the presence of NaCl. How do I find out if NaCl is a competitive or non-competitive inhibitor? Explain.Several names are compatible with standard nomenclature for the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction shown in the figure. However, the assigned name is based specifically based on its substrate and its coenzyme. What is that name?
- Given the following reaction, identify the class and subclass of the enzyme involved. H. CH2OH H-C-OH C=0 но-с-н но-с-н H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH CH2OPO,2 CH2OPO,2- Class: [ Select] [ Select ] Ligase Hydrolase Lyase Subcla Transferase Isomerase OxidoreductasePyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is a coenzyme for the enzyme ornithine aminotransferase. The enzyme was purified from cells grow in PLP = deficient media as well as from cells grown in media that contained pyridoxal phosphate. The stability of the two different enzyme preparations was then measured by incubating the enzyme at 37°C for different lengths of time and then assaying for the amount of enzyme activity remaining. The following results were obtained. (a) Why does the amount of active enzyme decrease with the time of incubation? (b) Why does the amount of enzyme from the PLP deficient cells decline more rapidly?What is the optimal temperature for the enzyme shown above?