How does each of the following events affects the monetary base, the money multiplier, and the money supply? Answer increase, decrease, or no change. a. The Fed buys government bonds in an open-market operation. b. The Fed increases its lending to banks by lowering the discount rate. c. Widespread credit card fraudulence increases the amount of money people hold as currency rather than demand deposits. d. The Fed increases the interest rate it pays banks for holding reserves.

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