How did all the different body types in the Cambrian arise so quickly?O Hox genes had evolved that determine and allow for the diversification of body plans.Because Hox genes hadn't evolved yet, there was a lot of flexibility in how body plans coulddevelop.O There was a genome duplication event that led to the diversification of body plans.Enhancer driven gene expression had just evolved, which made it easier to vary body plans.Toing wheroptiones29

In the field of evolutionary biology, the quick appearance of many body shapes during the Cambrian…

Answered: How did all the different body types in…

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter15: Animal Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4CT

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Insects have three thoracic (trunk) segments. While researchershave found insect fossils with pairs of wings on all threesegments, modern insects have wings or related structureson only the second and third segment. It turns out thatin modern insects, Hox gene products act to inhibit wingformation on the first segment. The treehopper insect (above)is somewhat of an exception. In addition to having wingson its second segment, the treehopper’s first segment has anornate helmet that resembles a set of thorns, which a recentstudy has found to be a modified, fused pair of “wings.” Thethorn-like structure helps to camouflage the treehopper intree branches, thus reducing its risk of predation. Explain howchanges in gene regulation could have led to the evolution ofsuch a structure.
Figure 12.8 Which animals in this figure belong to a clade that includes animals with hair? Which evolved first: hair or the amniotic egg?
A genetic change that caused a certain Hox gene to be expressedalong the tip of a vertebrate limb bud instead of farther backhelped make possible the evolution of the tetrapod limb.This type of change is illustrative of(A) the influence of environment on development.(B) paedomorphosis.(C) a change in a developmental gene or in its regulation thataltered the spatial organization of body parts.(D) heterochrony
What are the genetic changes thatallow the repurposing of existing bodyparts during evolution? For example,how did bat wings evolve from arms?
Neanderthals are recognizably human but have distinctive facial features and a stocky build that were evolutionary adaptations to cold, dry environments. They shared Europe for 10,000 years with Homo sapiens. Today they no longer exist. Beyond these facts the fate of Neanderthals has generated much debate. Why did Neanderthalsbecome extinct? State at least two major factors toexplain their fate.
Knowledge of the genomes of ancient homininsmight help us better understand not only the evolutionaryhistory of hominins, but also the traits that differ between usand our relatives—the traits that make us human. Our understandingof the functions of different genes is growing rapidly,so detailed comparisons of our genes to those present in, say,Neanderthals and Denisovans are very revealing. What do youthink are the functions most likely to be related to the geneticdifferences between us and our hominin relatives?
What must be TRUE of any organ described as vestigial? It need be neither homologous nor analogous to some feature in an ancestor. O It must be analogous to some feature in an ancestor. O It must be homologous to some feature in an ancestor. OIt must be both homologous and analogous to some feature in an ancestor.
tes es When Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands, he observed the marine iguana. He later decided that the marine iguana evolved from the terrestrial iguana found on the mainland of South America. The marine iguana differs from the terrestrial iguana in several ways. The marine iguana has a flat tail, long claws and sharp teeth while the terrestrial iguana has a round tail, short claws and flat teeth. When looking at the differences between the terrestrial and the marine iguana, which of the following is not evidence that evolution has occurred? ers ences nline riods 1 and 2 Homologous structures shared between both iguanas P1, Highschool wol MP3, The biogeography of the iguanas 4 Comparative embryology of the iguanas The state of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium present in both iguanas hu Fri The medium ground finch is one of Darwin's finches that inhabits an island in the Galapagos. It has a small beak that it uses to eat smallI, soft seeds. Irn 1977, a drought eliminated all but…
of this =rab or ditions ionary escen- se or 5. Describe two examples of vestigial structures that you can find among the Caminalcules. These are structures that have been reduced to the point that they are virtually useless. Ear muscles and the tail bones are examples of vestigial structures in our own species. Explain how vestigial structures provide clues about a species' evolutionary past. Illustrate your argument with vestigial structures found in humans or other real species.
Exaptations are traits that: a. prepare some organisms for future environmental changes. b. appear in lineages as a result of an adaptive radiation. c. evolve in anticipation of a species future needs. d. are useful in new situations before natural selection alters them for a new function. e. occur in animals, but not in plants.
Did the arthropod body plan resultfrom new Hox genes?
. The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similarskeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones inwhales have very different shapes and proportions. However,genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms divergedfrom a common ancestor at about the same time. Which ofthe following is the most likely explanation for these data?(A) Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, butnot in whales.(B) Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted insignificant changes to whale forelimb anatomy.(C) Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats.(D) Whales are not properly classified as mammals.

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