Given a system with separate instruction and data caches, suppose the frequency of data operations is 0.31. Given a HitTime of 1ns for each cache and a miss penalty of 50ns for each cache, calculate the average memory access time (in nsec). Assume that the miss rate for the data cache is 0.08 and the miss rate for the instruction cache is 0.04.Round your answer to two decimal places
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Given a system with separate instruction and data caches, suppose the frequency of data operations is 0.31. Given a HitTime of 1ns for each cache and a miss penalty of 50ns for each cache, calculate the average memory access time (in nsec). Assume that the miss rate for the data cache is 0.08 and the miss rate for the instruction cache is 0.04.Round your answer to two decimal places
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- On the Motorola 68020 microprocessor, a cache access takes two clock cycles. Data access from main memory over the bus to the processor takes three clock cycles in the case of no wait state insertion; the data are delivered to the processor in parallel with delivery to the cache. a. Calculate the effective length of a memory cycle given a hit ratio of 0.9 and a clocking rate of 16.67 MHz. b. Repeat the calculations assuming insertion of two wait states of one cycle each per memory cycle. What conclusion can you draw from the results?Suppose we have a 16-bit main memory address and 32 blocks of cache memory accessible on a byte-addressable computer using 2-way set associative mapping. Display your results after calculating the offset field size based on the fact that each block contains 8 bytes.Suppose we have a byte-addressable computer using 2-way set associative mapping with 16-bit main memory addresses and 32 blocks of cache. If each block contains 8 bytes, determine the size of the offset field, and show your work.
- For a computer with 56-bit physical addresses and a 8-way set associative cache of 64 KB where each cache line has the capacity of holding 32 words. Assume the word size is 3 and the architecture is byte-addressable. Answer the questions below: a.How many bits are needed for tag, index, word offset, and byte offs. Show your derivations and assumptions. b.What are the start and end physical addresses, in hex as discussed in class, for cache line 300? Cache line count starts from 0. c.What is the total size, in KB, of this cache? d.What is the tag value, in hex, of address 0xABCDEF98765432?Given a system with 2 memory channels and 4 DRAM DIMMs (2 DIMMs per channel), each DIMM has: • 1 rank per DIMM • 8 chips per rank • 8 bits per column • 8 banks per chip • 32,768 rows per bank • 2,048 columns per bank A) What is the total amount (bytes) of physical memory in the system? B) What is the minimum number of physical address bits needed to address this much memory? C) With the number of physical address bits obtained in 2), also assume • The physical address space has 1M (i.e., 1048576) pages (physical frames) Virtual addresses have 64 bits What is the maximum number of pages in the virtual address space?Suppose a DRAM memory has 4 K rows in its array of bit cells, its refreshing period is 64 ms and 4 clock cycles are needed to access each row. What is the time needed to refresh the memory if clock rate is 133 MHz? What fraction of the memory's time is spent performing refreshes?
- A computer employs RAM chips of 512 x 4 and ROM chips of 256 x 8. The computer system needs 1KB of RAM, and 512 x 8 ROM and an interface unit with 256 registers each. A memory-mapped I/O configuration is used. The two higher -order bits of the address bus are assigned 00 for RAM, O1 for ROM, and 10 for interface. a) How many lines must be decoded for chip select? Specify the size of the decoder b) Draw a memory-address map for the system and Give the address range in hexadecimal for RAM, ROM c) Develop a chip layout for the above said specifications.Consider a computer with cache, DRAM, HDD memory hierarchy. The hit rate of cache is 90% and DRAM is 95%. Read latencies of cache, DRAM, and HDD are 5ns, 100ns, and 1ms respectively. What is the average latency of executing an instruction involving a memory read? Express your answer in micro-seconds. Round it to the nearest integer. Enter your answer hereLet's pretend for a moment that we have a byte-addressable computer with 16-bit main memory addresses and 32-bit cache memory blocks, and that it employs two-way set associative mapping. Knowing that each block has eight bytes, please calculate the size of the offset field and provide evidence of your calculations.
- 3. If we have an 8 bit microcontroller that has 4kB of instruction memory starting at address 0x0000, and 2kB of data memory immediately above that, what is the next available byte in our address map?Consider a hypothetical system, a 48 - bit width main memory with a capacity 256 TB is build using 64 T x 8-bit DRAM chips. The number of rows of memory cells in the DRAM is 225. The time taken to perform one Refresh operation is 40 ns. The refresh period is 5 s. Fraction of total memory bandwidth is lost to refresh cycle is (up to two decimal places).Assume the miss rate of an instruction cache is 2% and the miss rate of the data cache is 4%. If a processor has a CPI of 2 without any memory stalls and the miss penalty is 100 cycles for all misses, determine how much faster a processor would run with a perfect cache that never missed. Assume the frequency of all loads and stores is 36%.