From the general mechanism of nucleophilic substitution of carboxylic acids and derivatives. Make the energy diagram that represents the mechanism and if it is SN1, SN2 or both)
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From the general mechanism of nucleophilic substitution of
Make the energy diagram that represents the mechanism and if it is SN1, SN2 or both)
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- The addition of water to aldehydes and ketones occurs rapidly, although it is not thermodynamically favored. What would be the product for the reaction above? Hint: Think of the self-ionization of water and the polarity of the carbonyl group.If the reactant provided is neutral what can be done in basic conditions to produce a nucleophile. Provide an example of an SN2 reaction where this occurs.1) The carbon-oxygen double bond present in aldehydes and ketones is very polar. What does this mean and how does it arise? 2) The carbon-oxygen double bond is readily attacked by nucleophiles like cyanide ions or ammonia. (i) What do you understand by the term nucleophile? (ii) Which part of the carbon-oxygen double bond is attractive to nucleophiles? 3) Why is there a difference between aldehydes and ketones in their response to oxidizing agents such as potassium dichromate(VI) solution acidified with dilute sulfuric acid?
- give an example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction with chlorohexanewrite the reactions in which one of the following compounds acts on the ammonia solution of silver oxide. a) propene b) bytine-2 c) cyclopropane d) pentin-1The conversion of alcohols into alkyl halides by reaction with hydrogen halides is an example of a Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction. This kind of reaction can proceed by two different mechanisms depending on the structure of alcohol substrates used. Generally, primary alcohols are substituted via SN2 mechanism, while secondary and tertiary alcohols undergo SN1 mechanism. Consider the following reaction given in the picture below and the questions in the picture too.
- For the substitution reaction. Draw the structure of the intermediate that forms in the rate determining step. Он HBr (aq) BrThe relative rates of reaction of ethane, toluene, and ethylbenzene with bromine atoms have been measured. The most reactive hydrocarbon undergoes hydrogen atom abstraction a million times faster than does the least reactive one. Arrange these hydrocarbons order of decreasing reactivity.how many structurally isomeric products form in the free radical bromination of hexane?
- The Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of p-xylene n-propyl bromide can result in an isopropyl as well as n-propyl substitution. A) Write the chemical equation involved in this reaction. B) Which will be the major and minor product? What do you expect will be the ratio of n-propyl to isopropyl substitution for p-xylene?write the reaction of the action of methyl-2, bromo-2-propane with hot KOH solution. a) Name the formed product b) Explain why the reaction takes place according to the SNI mechanismFill the blank space. Compounds containing a phenol group may work as ANTIOXIDANTS to prevent free radical damage. This is accomplished when a free radical (or UV light) encounters a phenol group, turning the phenol group into a radical. However, contrary to typical radical behavior, the structure of the phenol radical can neutralize (or quench) the unpaired electron. Specifically, the phenol structure neutralizes (or quenches) the unpaired radical electron by doing the following: taking the electron and ---------. The correct name (or abbreviation) of an example compound containing a phenol group with antioxidant properties is: ---------.