Free Radicals are molecules or ions that have an unpaired electron. They tend to be very reactive and are thought to contributeto the aging process.A "dimer" forms when two of the same molecules combine (dimerize).Draw a Lewis structure for each of the substances below and indicate which are free radicals. For a free radical the unpaired electron goes onthe least electronegative element, which is usually the central atom.Key: y = Yesn = No1.NO₂2.BrO33.CIO24.03

Step 1:To determine the radical species and the location of the unpaired electrons, the Lewis…

Answered: Free Radicals are molecules or ions…

Chemistry: The Molecular Science

5th Edition

ISBN:9781285199047

Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski

Publisher:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski

Chapter6: Covalent Bonding

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 110QRT

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Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?
Write all resonance structures of chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl, a molecule with the same cyclic structure as benzene. In all structures, keep the CCl bond as a single bond. Which resonance structures are the most important?
The equation for the combustion of gaseous methanol is 2 CH3OH(g) + 3 O2(g) 2 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g) (a) Using the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table 8.8, estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction. What is the enthalpy of combustion of one mole of gaseous methanol? (b) Compare your answer in part (a) with the value of tHcalculated using enthalpies of formation data.
Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions. (a) CS2 (b) BF4 (c) HNO2 (where the bonding is in the order HONO) (d) OSCl2 (where S is the central atom)
In which of the following molecules does the sulfur have an expanded octet? For those that do, write the Lewis structure. (a) SO2 (b) SF4 (c) SO2Cl2 (d) SF6
Consider the pyrosulfate ion, S2O72-. It has no sulfurâ€“sulfur nor oxygenâ€“oxygen bonds. (a) Write a Lewis structure for the pyrosulfate ion using only single bonds. (b) What is the formal charge on the sulfur atoms for the Lewis structure you drew in part (a)? (c) Write another Lewis structure using six bonds and two Oâ€”S bonds. (d) What is the formal charge on each atom for the structure you drew in part (c)?
A common trait of simple organic compounds is to have Lewis structures where all atoms have a formal charge of zero. Consider the following incomplete Lewis structure for an organic compound called methyl cyanoacrylate, the main ingredient in Super Glue. Draw a complete Lewis structure for methyl cyanoacrylate in which all atoms have a formal charge of zero.
This Lewis structure for SF5+ is drawn incorrectly. What error was made when determining the number of valence electrons?
Nitrosyl azide, N4O, is a pale yellow solid first synthesized in 1993. Write the Lewis structure for nitrosyl azide.
Define the term lattice energy. Why, energetically, do ionic compounds form? Fig. 3-8 illustrates the energy changes involved in the formation of MgO(s) and NaF(s). Why is the lattice energy of MgO(s) so different from that of NaF(s)? The magnesium oxide is composed of Mg2+ and O2 ions. Energetically, why does Mg2+O2 form and not Mg+O? Why doesnt Mg3+O3 form?
Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions: (a) CS (b) BF4 (c) HNO2 (where the arrangement of atoms is HONO) (d) OSCl2 (where S is the central atom)
The chemistry of the nitrite ion and HNO2: (a) Two resonance structures are possible for NO2. Draw these structures, and then find the formal charge on each atom in each resonance structure. (b) In forming the acid HNO2 an H+ ion attaches to the O atom and not the N atom of NO2. Explain why you would predict this result. (c) Two resonance structures are possible for HNO2. Draw these structures, and then find the formal charge on each atom in each resonance structure. Is either of these structures strongly preferred over the other?

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