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- 5. Do other organs or organ systems develop at the same time? Are they related to the function of your assigned organ or organ system? 6. A previously infertile couple wishes to have a pregnancy but the man produces non-motile sperm. If it were possible to fertilize one of the woman's eggs by removing a sperm nucleus and injecting it into the egg, could this procedure ever produce viable offspring? Why or why not? dorotondinWhich three factors are crucial in the diagnosis of genetic defects in the fetal stage? What do you think weighs the most?1. Why is folic acid important during pregnancy?
- 7) List 2 processes that the placenta takes over by the end of the first trimester in humans.1. Can a test determine an individual's biological sex? And can testosterone produced by an athlete's own body provide an unfair advantage? 2. At the bottom of the section on development is a graph showing testosterone levels for male and female athletes. Most female athletes have less than 5 nm/L of testosterone, but a few have as high as 30 nmol/L which is above the average for male athletes. Which genetic condition(s) can cause XX individuals to have high testosterone levels? (3) The AR gene codes for a transcription factor which is only functional when testosterone is present. Based on what you know about transcription factors and about sex determination explain (A) Why do XY individuals with a mutation in the AR gene develop as females despite having male levels of testosterone? (B) Would you expect such individuals to be more muscular than an average female? (4) Do the case studies for the sprinter and the swimmer. Should they be eligible to compete? Explain your answer.Give a brief explanation on how chromosomal abnormalities affect prenatal pregnancy or birth.
- 4. a. Briefly explain how the mutation in one gene can trigger a cascade of genetic impacts in the embryonic development. b. In one sentence explain why this type of mutations only affect the offspring of the mutant female and not the mutant female herself.Part 1 a) The zygote that is formed after fertilisation divides rapidly during the first 2 weeks of pregnancy, developing into an embryo by day 12. With reference to specific structures formed, outline this period of development. b) Summarise the key developmental changes that occur from the point that the embryo is formed up to the end of the 1st trimester of pregnancy when the embryo is considered a foetus. c) What is the approximate size of the foetus by the end of this trimester?3. Complete the following table with the number of autosomes and the types of sex chromosomes found at different stages of oocyte and spermatocyte development. # of autosomes and types Stage in Male of sex chromosomes # of autosomes and types of sex chromosomes Stage in Female Primary 0ocyte Secondary oocyte Ovum Primary spermatocyte Secondary spermatocyte Spermatozoan
- Suppose that in the near future, you are a prenatal care provider. In the most recent ultrasound checkup on the expecting mother, you unfortunately found that the fetus is suffering a neural tube defect in the form of anencephaly. Seeing as the mother is still in the 12th week of pregnancy or the 1st trimester, the pregnancy can still be terminated via medical means. How would you explain to the parents the situation they are in?Suppose you are a carrier of fragile X syndrome and want to have children. Would you choose pregnancy, adoption, or surrogacy? If you became pregnant, would you opt for prenatal diagnosis? Explain your decisions.3. (a) What are the four processes that drive embryonic development? (b) What two processes drive morphogenesis in a developing embryo?
