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- 1. Why are mathematical /statistical tools needed in the understanding of the transmission of traits in the field of Genetics?1. What are some of the risks and benefits of genetic testing as it relates to legal (not medical) issues? 2. Do you think an unintended consequence of genetic testing could be that people would be less liable to seek medical care out of fear that they could later be denied life or health insurance? What laws should be used to govern the use of genetic data of this type?1. Why is statistics important in genetic studies? 2. What importance of sample size in studies involving probabilities?
- 2. Be able to compare and contrast (discuss similarities and differences in) in your own words the terms genotype and phenotype, wild-type and mutant phenotypes. Step by step.15. The field of genetics that studies the mode of inheritance of complex or quantitative traits is called —————— genetics.10. What ethical considerations should there be when conducting genetic research on diverse populations, particularly in cases where information about ancestry and genetic predisposition to disease could have personal and societal implications?
- 6. In what ways do you think increasing diversity in genetic studies can improve healthcare outcomes for all populations, and how can we measure the impact of that diversity?1. A new species of animal called the rekamriliob has been found in the wild. The lab you work in has been tasked with studying its genetics. So far, there have been 2 main phenotypes found in the wild. Through selective breeding, your lab has determined that the gene for purple color (P) is dominant to the gene for golden color (p). Another lab has determined that the thick limb trait is dominant to the thin limb variety. If you breed a purebred purple thick limbed rekamreliob male with a golden thin limbed female, you get 100% thick limed offspring that are purple in color. If you take two of these organisms and breed them together, please predict the following. Assume that rekameliobs lay an average of 32 eggs. The gametes produced if the genes are unlinked b. genes The expected numbers of the possible phenotype in the offspring with unlinked The gametes produced if the genes are linked (list all possibilities, and show which ones are the result of crossing over) d. List the…SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Imagine that you are a genetic counselor. What advice or suggestions might you give in the following situations? (a) A couple has come for advice because the woman had a sister who died of Tay-Sachs disease. (b) A young man and woman who are not related are engaged to be married. However, they have learned that the mans parents are first cousins, and they are worried about the possibility of increased risk of genetic defects in their own children. (c) A young womans paternal uncle (her fathers brother) has hemophilia A. Her father is free of the disease, and there has never been a case of hemophilia A in her mothers family. Should she be concerned about the possibility of hemophilia A in her own children? (d) A 20-year-old man is seeking counseling because his father was recently diagnosed with Huntingtons disease. (e) A 45-year-old woman has just been diagnosed with Huntingtons disease. She says she will not tell her college-age sons because of the burden it will place on them. Given that the woman, not her sons, is your client, do you have a duty to inform the sons? Explain your reasoning.
- 2. How can we endure that diverse populations are adequately represented in genetic research, and what steps can be taken to address the historical imbalances in the field?4. Allele specific oligo-nucleotide hybridization is a genetic test used to look for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS) associated with genetic diseases. It uses short sequences of labeled DNA as probes to bind onto either the normal allele or mutated allele in a patient's sample. Given that hemocystinuria is an autosomal recessive disease, use the results from the ASOH test below to determine the GENOTYPE and PHENOTYPE of the newborns born at Henry Mayo Hospital this week. Luis Mina Emma Elias Genotype Phenotype Allele H probe Allele h probe Luis Mina Emma Elias2. Consider the problem of finding the shortest route through several cities, such that each city is visited only once and in the end return to the starting city (the Travelling Salesman problem). Suppose that in order to solve this problem we use a genetic algorithm, in which genes represent links between pairs of cities. For example, a link between Accra and Lagos is represented by a single gene AL’. Let also assume that the direction in which we travel is not important, so that AL =LA. (i) How many genes will be used in a chromosome of each individual if the number of cities is 10? (ii) (ii) How many genes will be in the alphabet of the algorithm?