Explain the role of different toxicological parameters (i.e. ED50, TD50, LD50, NOAEL, LOAEL, etc.) in ensuring the safety of a drug candidate.

Q: Explain the role of  toxicological parameters ED50 in ensuring the safety of a drug candidate.…

A: Toxicological parameters - It is the level of toxicity to determine drug usage. The toxicological…

Q: Differentiate the following:               Mechanistic toxicology, regulatory toxicology and…

A: Toxin  A harmful substance that causes illness or may be death to an organism.

Q: Explain why body fluids pH can affect drug absorption and distribution.

A: pH can be defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ions. Normal pH scale is between acidic to…

Q: Explain the role of LC50 in ensuring the safety of a drug candidate? Explain at your own words

A: Drugs are defined as the type of chemical substances where they produce changes in the physiology or…

Q: illustrate drug distribution in the body through parenteral administration

A: Drugs are chemical composition that affects the biochemical process in the body. These may be…

Q: Define therapeutic index and explain its importance.

A: Therapeutic Index is also known as Therapeutic Ratio. It is a quantitative measurement of the…

Q: Explain the role of  toxicological parameters LD50 in ensuring the safety of a drug candidate.…

A: Toxicological parameters - It is the level of toxicity to determine drug usage. The toxicological…

Q: mention six ways in which the drugs containers can be  catered for.

A: A drug is a molecule which might resemble a organic molecule inside the body or an exogenous…

Q: Describe the significance of the use of pharmacokinetic parameters in case to calculate appropriate…

A: Pharmacokinetics is the study of a drug that is administered to a living Organism which describes…

Q: Discuss the various categories of controlled substances, and give specific drug examples in each…

A: Controlled substances: Any type of chemical that has the potential to alter the physical and mental…

Q: Describe the FDA approval process for assessing the safety and efficacy of a newly developed drug.…

A: Answer :- The FDA approval process for assessing the safety and efficacy of a newly developed drug…

Q: Define therapeutic effect

A: Therapeutic effect can be best described as a primary effect that is intended and is the reason we…

Q: In the dose response curve below, Drug B has [ Select ] * potency and [ Select ] efficacy as Drug A

A: Efficacy and potency are two characteristic features of a drug, which shows how effective and potent…

Q: Identify which categories of drugs are most selectively toxic and why.

A: An antibiotic is a sort of antimicrobial substance dynamic against microbes. It is the main sort of…

Q: Discuss ARV Drugs

A: Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are mainly used in the treatment of infections caused by the human…

Q: With reference to examples, explain why personal protective equipment (PPE) should be considered as…

A: Personal protective equipment (PPE) provides protection to the wearer against any particular…

Q: Write a summary or short note or conclusion about: Explain the role of different toxicological…

A: In the development of a new drug it is very important make sure about the safety profile of the…

Q: Summarize the primary reasons that we find ourselves in a “drug dilemma” with regard to…

A: Antimicrobial drugs are chemical substances of natural or synthetic origin that suppress the growth…

Q: Describe the influence of protein binding on drug bioavailability

A: Protein binding is the extent to which drugs can bind to proteins in the blood or tissues. The…

Q: Describe the five basic mechanisms of drug resistance.

A: Antibiotics are the drugs which are used to kill the pathogenic bacteria. Penicillin is the first…

Q: List 3 common monitoring measures that may be utilised in the therapeutic management of Digoxin

A: Digoxin is an inotropic drug that is used primarily in case of heart failure. This drug works by…

Q: Explain the concept of selective toxicity in terms ofantimicrobial therapy.

A: The antimicrobial drug helps in eliminating the pathogenic microorganism from the host body cells…

Q: Describe the Mechanisms of Drug Resistance with an example.

A: Resistance is improvement of the capacity to withstand the beforehand dangerous impact of a drug by…

Q: Identify the criteria the compounds must meet in order to be developed into drugs.

A: A pharmaceutical drug or medicine is a compound that is used either for the diagnosis, treatment,…

Q: Explain the major mechanisms by which microbes becomeresistant to drugs.

A: Antimicrobial resistance refers to the condition that occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria,…

Q: What are the advantages of inhalation drug delivery systems over other routes of drug administration…

A: The inhalation route is used for the local treatment of pulmonary diseases. In the management of…

Q: Identify the general categories of the cellular targets of physical and chemical agents.

A: A cell is the basic unit of life that eventually assembles into a whole creature. A cell contains a…

Q: Describe the factors that affect both drug absorption and bioavailability.

A: Drug absorption : The most important principle in pharmacokinetics theory is drug absorption. The…

Q: Define toxicology dose and response

A: Toxicology Dose response curve is defined as the response of target host to various doses of toxic…

Q: Name some pharmacology math conventions that have been instituted to keep patients safer.

A: Mathematics always plays a vital role in most sectors of society. In the field of nursing and…

Q: Enumerate the different sources of drug. Provide example for each source. Discuss the advantages and…

A: Sources of drugs Natural sources Plants Animals Microbes Minerals Artificial sources Synthetic Semi-…

Q: Which option best represents the ideal characteristics of drugs for use in low- and middle-income…

A: Introduction Substances That Alter A Person's Mental Or Physical State Are Known As Drugs. They Can…

Q: Explain what is meant by a drug’s spectrum and how narrow- andbroad-spectrum drugs differ.

A: Spectrum simply means the range. The spectrum of a drug means the range of microorganisms it can…

Q: different toxicological parameters (i.e. ED50, TD50, LD50, NOAEL, LOAEL, etc.) in ensuring the…

A: Toxicology helps us to understand the harmful effects of the chemicals,  on the people and…

Q: Briefly discuss reasons why metabolism is a major cause of variations in drug response and or…

A: Drug definition Medication or medicine that causes physiological changes when consumed.  Factors…

Q: Name four categories of cellular targets for physical and chemical agents.

A: Introduction: Physical and chemical agents are employed in microbial control. disinfection,…

Q: Explain the role of different toxicological parameters (i.e. ED50, TD50, LD50, NOAEL, LOAEL, etc.)…

A: In the development of new drug it is very important to make sure about its safety. After the invitro…

Q: Choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement. An antimicrobial…

A: The therapeutic index refers to the ratio that is used to quantitatively measure the relative safety…

Q: Explain the role of  toxicological parameters LOAEL in ensuring the safety of a drug candidate.…

A: In the development of a new drug, it is very important make sure about the safety profile of the…

Clinical Pharmacology

Pharmacology is a discipline of medicine that studies how medications interact with the systems and processes of living organisms, focusing on drug action mechanisms as well as therapeutic and other purposes.