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- Activity 4 Identification of phenotype of known genotype The characteristic of the color of the red tomato fruit (R) is dominant over the characteristic of the yellow color (r) The characteristic of the color of white flowers (W) is dominant over the characteristic of the color of the yellow flowers (w), and the characteristic length of the stem of the plant (T) is dominant over the short characteristic (t) If a red fruit plant with yellow and long-stemmed flowers is crossed, with anotheryellow, white-flowered and short-stemmed plant, knowing that the dominant characteristic is pure. What is the phenotype of individuals of the resulting generation?PRACTICE EXERCISES 2: 1. For instance, in cows, red (R) and white (W) are two possible hair colors. However, when a red cow and a white cow mate, instead of one color being dominant over the other, BOTH are expressed, in a color called roan (red-and-white). Fill out the genotypes below: Homozygous red: Homozygous white: Roan: Show the Punnett Square for a cross between two roan cows: Probability of roan offspring: Probability of red offspring: Probability of white offspring: % 2 If R is the allele for red and W is the allele for white in a flower, and this is codominance, show what happens if a red flower is crossed with a white flower. Red genotype: White genotype: Phenotype (offspring): Genotype (offspring):Lab Exercises: In these exercises, you will learn to use the Punnett square to determine geno- typic and phenotypic outcomes for monohybrid, dihybrid, incomplete, codominant, epistatic, and sex-linked traits. Exercise #1: Monohybrid Crosses A male with blue eyes has a child with a homozygous dominant brown-eyed female. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the resulting offspring? 1. Genotype rahio R RR Rr Phenoty pe vatio Rr Y FEx PT A male offspring from above has four children with his heterozygous brown-eyed wife. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the resulting offspring? What are the genotypic Rt 2. and phenotypic ratios? Y RR IRr K r Rr Yr 3. A heterozygous brown-eyed male has four children with his blue-eyed wife. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the resulting offspring? What are the genotypic and pheno- typic ratios? 120
- PEDIGREES: Problem (continued) This pedigree shows the inheritance of cystic fibrosis in this family. I • QUESTIONS ••. 5. What is the genotype of individual II-3? Use the letter "f" to 1 2 represent the disease allele. II 1 2 3 6. Individuals II-I and II-2 are sisters. Explain how it is possible for one sister to have cystic fibrosis but NOT the other. III 1 2 3Non- Mendelian patterm of inheritance. Activity 4: What's your blood type? Objective: Infer the unknown phenotypes of individuals on the basis of the known phenotypes of their family members Procedure: A. Given the blood types of the mother and the child, identify the possible blood type of the father. Mother's Blood type Father's Blood type Child's Blood type A B AB ABProcedure: 1. Draw a Punnett square which shows the inheritance of the sex chromosomes. Represent the female sex chromosomes with XX and the male sex chromosomes with XY. Guide Questions: a. What will be the sex of a child produced when an egg is fertilized by a sperm that has a Y chromosome?. b. What type of sperm must fertilize an egg to result in a female child? c. Based on this Punnett Square, what percent of children would you expect to be male? d. What sex chromosome is present in both male and female? e. Infer which sex chromosomes determines a person's sex. f. What are the other factors that may influence the expression of human sexuality? .
- Bb Take Test: Mod 9 Lab - Genetic X + ← ] C G QUESTION 3 In the pedigree below, all shaded individuals express the gene in question. For example, Arlene "has" the trait, she displays the phenotype in question. For example, if we were following the inheritance pattern of a widow's peak, Arlene has a widow's peak (that is NOT the trait here, just an example). Unshaded individuals (blank circles and squares) do not manifest the trait in question, but their specific genotype is unknown - they could be heterozygous, homozygous dominant, or homozygous recessive. What is the mechanism of inheritance of this trait? Sandra Daniel recessive dominant Tom 990 Alan QUESTION 4 George Sam Tina Christopher Arlene Wilma Ann O Carla R Update Michael In the pedigree below, all shaded individuals express the gene in question. For example, Arlene "has" the trait, she displays the phenotype in question. For example, if we were following the inheritance pattern of a widow's peak, Arlen a widow's peak (that…Station 4: Pedigrees inidoned : no Pattern of inheritance (monohybrid, dihybrid, sex-linked, and genetically linked genes) can often be predicted from data, including pedigree, that give the parent genotype/phenotype and the offspring genotypes/phenotypes. III I II 1. Identify the type of inheritance in each of the following pedigrees(autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, sex linked) AND EXPLAIN why it is that type of inheritance 20 2 21 O O 2. The pedigree below shows a family with a history of a recessive disease. DETERMINE the genotype of each individual for an autosomal traitNAME: Patterns of Inheritance Worksheet 1. True Breeding Parental Cross A homozygous dominant purple flowered plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive white flowered plant. a. What are the genotypes of the parent plants? (Use the Punnett square to determine the outcomes of this cross. Remember to place the gametes along the left side and top of the square. (P=Purple, p=white) b. What is the genotype of all F₁ plants? 1 b. c. What is the phenotype of all F₁ plants? C. d. How many plants out of 4 will produce white flowers? d. a. 2. Monohybrid Cross: The F₁ offspring from the above problem are allowed to self fertilize. a. What are the genotypes of the F₁ parents? a. (Use the Punnett square to determine the outcomes of this cross. Remember to place the gametes along the left side and top of the square.) b. What is the genotype ratio for this cross? c. What is the phenotype ratio for this cross? d. How many plants out of 4 will produces white flowers? d. b. C.
- Punnet square problems A=Codominant; B=Codominant; O=Recessive Mary is homozygous for type A blood. Steve is homozygous for type O blood. If they have children, what are the possible phenotypes and genotypes of their children, and what is the probability of each? Mary and Steve have a son, Brad. Brad’s wife, Samantha is heterozygous for type B blood. If they have children, what are the possible phenotypes and genotypes of their children, and what is the probability of each? Stella loves roses and decides to cross her red rose with her white rose. All of the resulting offspring of this cross are pink roses. What can you say about the red and white alleles as a result of this cross? Stella decides to cross two of the pink roses. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring and the probabilities of each? DNA replication, Transcription and Translation problems It is S phase of the cell cycle, and time to replicate the cell’s DNA. Using the following strand of DNA…Pedigree Analysis Examine the following pedigrees. 1 Examine the pedigree of achondroplasia (a form of dwarfism). a Is this trait dominant or recessive? b How do you know? c Label all of the genotypes on the pedigree chart. II Laboratory Exercise 9 Trait Genetics 113 %3DPractice Problem 2: Having a hairline with a widow's peak is dominant and a straight hairline is recessive (W = widow's peak; w = straight hairline). Hint: To avoid confusing alleles, use a bar over the lowercase letter OR chose a letter that doesn't look the same upper and lowercase (instead of "W" and"w" you could use "D" and "d"). Cross: A man with a straight hairline marries a woman homozygous dominant for having a widow's peak. What is the genotypic ratio and the phenotypic ratio for this cross?