eek. We carns $1,000 each week and earns a real interest rate of p = 0.01 on any money ved today. He also needs to pay the same interest rate if he borrows money today and pays it next week. If his utility function is U (C₁, C₂) = c₂, where c₁ is units of consumption day and c₂ is units of consumption next week, how many units will he consume this week?
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- Suppose you expect to earn $10 this year and $10 next year. Each dollar you earn this year can be either spent, or saved at an interest rate of 10%. If you want to spend more than $10 this year, you can borrow money at 10% interest and repay it next year. Next year, you plan to pay oyour debts (if any), then spend all your earnings and all your savings (if any). Draw your budget line between “dollars spent this year" and “dollars spent next year". Suppose the government imposes a 50% income tax on all your earnings this year and next year (not including your interest earnings). Draw your new budget line. Suppose the government imposes a 50% sales tax on everything you buy this year and next year. Draw your new budget line. Suppose the government imposes a 50% income tax on all your earnings this year and next year, including your interest earnings. Draw your new budget line. True or False: If interest earnings are not subject to income tax, then an income tax and a sales tax…Explain how does adecrease in the current income y affect the consumer’s consumption-saving decision. In particular,explain: 1) How will current consumption c, future consumption c′, and savings s change; 2) Arethere any substitution effect or income effect. Make sure you draw two figures, one for the borrowersand one for the lenders1. How many hours will a person allocate to leisure activities if her indifference curves between consumption and leisure activities are concave (NOT convex) to the origin? 2. Tom earns $15 per hour for up to 40 hours of work each week. He is paid $30 per hour for every hour in excess of 40. Tom faces a 20 percent tax rate and pays $4 per hour in child care expenses for each hour he works. Tom receives $80 in child support payments each week. There are 110 (non-sleeping) hours in the week. Graph Tom's weekly budget line. 3. John's utility function is U(C, L) = C²/² L?/2. The most leisure time he can consume is 110 hours. His wage rate is $10. Find John's optimal amount of consumption and hours for leisure and work. 4. Suppose the wage rate increased (e.g. from $10 to $20), how many hours would a worker take for work and leisure activities? Assume that the income effect dominates the substitution effect, draw a graph and explain in detail. 5. Cindy gains utility from consumption C and…
- 6. For your birthday, you receive a hamper from your friend, which contains food and drink. They have chosen to buy you 8 packs of hot chocolate and 10 packs of luxury biscuits. Unfortunately, the hot chocolate is not milk chocolate and the biscuits are chocolate chip and not your favourite ginger biscuits! They haven't provided the receipt, but you return to the shop where the hamper was bought and ask to exchange the items. Each pack of hot chocolate was priced at £5 and each pack of biscuits was priced at £6. You face a utility function of U (Hċ, B) = H²B. When you return to the shop, you see that all of the biscuits are now half price, but all of the types of hot chocolate haven't changed in price. You are able to exchange your biscuits and hot chocolate, but can only receive a refund based on the current marked price of the products in the shop. Given this information and assuming hot chocolate is on the horizontal axis and your aim to maximise utility, what should you do? (a) You…Explain how does adecrease in the current income y affect the consumer’s consumption-saving decision. In particular,explain: 1) How will current consumption c, future consumption c', and savings s change; 2) Arethere any substitution effect or income effect. Make sure you draw two figures, one for the borrowersand one for the lenders.Use the black line (plus symbols) to plot the line illustrating the combinations of salad and pizza that Andrew can purchase with a budget of $30.00. PIZZA (Slices) 14 12 10 00 4 2 O to 0 2 4 8 8 SALAD (Bowls) 10 12 14 Initial Budget New Budget ? Now suppose Andrew's income is cut in half: That is, he has 50% less money to spend than he did before. On the previous graph, use the blue line (circle symbols) to plot Andrew's new budget constraint. Which of the following statements best summarizes the pattern of causality captured by the graph above? Check all that apply. The relationship between S and P is not a causal relationship. A change in E causes a shift of the budget constraint. A change in S causes a change in P. A change in P causes a change in S.
- Columns 1 through 4 of the accompanying table show the marginal utility, measured in utils, that Ricardo would get by purchasing various amounts of products A, B, C, and D. Column 5 shows the marginal utility Ricardo gets from saving. Assume that the prices of A, B, C, and D are $18, $6, $4, and $24, respectively, and that Ricardo has an income of $105. Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Units Units Units Units of A MU of B MU of C MU of D MU 1 72 1 24 1 15 1 36 54 15 12 2 30 3 45 3 12 3 8. 3 24 4 36 4 7 4 18 27 7 5 5 13 6 18 6 5 6 4 6 7 7 15 7 2 7 3.5 7 8 12 8 1 8 3 8 2 а. What quantities of A, B, C, and D will Ricardo purchase in maximizing his utility? b. How many dollars will Ricardo choose to save? c. Check your answers by substituting them into the algebraic statement of the utility-maximizing rule. In other words, show it works when using this rule.1. [35 marks] An individual derives utility from consumption spending C and leisurel according to the following utility function: U(C,1)=C"1¹-a where 0>x>1. Leisure time in hours is given by: 1=T-H where T is hours of total time available and H is hours of work. The consumer's real income is given by: C=w (T-1)+N where w is real wage and N is real non-labour income. a) Derive the optimal values of C, I and the Lagrangian multiplier if the individual wishes maximise utility subject to the to constraint: C=w (T-1)+N. [15 marks]O O D only SENIOR C only Refer to Figure 21-1. A consumer who chooses to spend all E, A, or B only Budget Constmint D, E, A, or B only CDs 17 4
- Assume that John has RO 21 to spend on Energy drink and Protein bars each month and that both goods must be purchased whole (no fractional units). Energy drink (X) cost RO 3 and Protein bars (Y) cost RO 2 each. John’s preferences for movies and books are summarized by the following information: No. per Month Energy drink No. per Month Protein bars TU MU MU/Px TU MU MU/Py 1 84 1 36 2 156 2 66 3 216 3 90 4 264 4 108 5 300 5 120 6 324 6 126 7 336 7 126 Fill in the figures for marginal utility of X and marginal utility of Y per dollar for both movies and books. Are these preferences consistent with the law of diminishing marginal utility? Explain briefly. Given the budget of RO 21, what quantity of Energy drink (X) and what quantity of Protein bars (Y) will maximize John’s…3. Suppose that Omar’s marginal utility for cups of coffee is constant at 1.5 utils per cup, no matter how many cups he drinks. On the other hand, his marginal utility per doughnut is 10 for the first doughnut he eats, 9 for the second he eats, 8 for the third he eats, and so on (that is, declining by 1 util per additional doughnut). In addition, suppose that coffee costs $1 per cup, doughnuts cost $1 each, and Omar has a budget that he can spend only on doughnuts, coffee, or both. How big would that budget have to be before he would spend a dollar buying a first cup of coffee? *use tables and/or graphs if possible, please original workJason spends his entire budget on coffee and doughnuts. You have the following data on his choices: Table 1: Jason's consumption choice and budget Price / cup of coffee Price / doughnut cups purchased doughnuts purchased Income February 2 1 4 22 March 5/2 3/4 10 8 31 April 3 1/2 8 14 31 Assume Jason 's preferences are monotone, the same over the three months, and that he has no way to save or borrow across periods. Are Jason's choices consistent with utility maximization?