Cytogenetic map: sc (1A8) w (зВ6) A B lo lElE AlB ICDEFA B IEIF 3 4 Linkage map: SC 1.5 mu Physical map: sc v 2.4 x 105 bp FIGURE 23.1 A comparison of cytogenetic, linkage, and physical maps. Each of these maps shows the distance between the sc and w genes along the X chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster. The cytogenetic map is that of the polytene chromosome. ---- 3. 2.
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- Equalizing the Expression of X Chromosome Genes in Males and Females Males have only one X chromosome and therefore only one copy of all genes on the X chromosome. Each gene is directly expressed, thus providing the basis of hemizygosity in males. Females have two X chromosomes, but one is always inactivated. Therefore, females, like males, have only one functional copy of all the genes on the X chromosome. Again, each gene must be directly expressed. Why, then, are females not considered hemizygous, and why are they not afflicted with sex-linked recessive diseases as often as males are?The chromosome 9/22 translocation associated withCML (chronic myelogenous leukemia) is called thePhiladelphia chromosome after the city in which itscancer association was first discovered in 1960.People with CML do not inherit this translocation—it occurs in somatic cells. Why do you think that thisparticular translocation that fuses the bcr and ablgenes happens independently in the somatic cellsof many different people?Give at least one example of a chromosomal structureor function affected by the following mechanisms formodulating chromatin structure:a. Posttranslational changes of the normal histonesfound in the nucleosome
- Polarity of oocyte of DrosophilaWhat are the cells surrounding the oocyte? Are they germ-line or somatic in origin?Equalizing the Expression of X Chromosome Genes in Males and Females Individuals with an XXY genotype are sterile males. If one X is inactivated early in embryogenesis, the genotype of the individual effectively becomes XY. Why will this individual not develop as a normal male?Protein complex present at centromeres in mitotic cells structure formed when DNA wraps around an octameric histone core Protein complex that is degraded at anaphase to allow sister chromatids to separate at mitosis microtubule based structure used to segregate chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis 1. cohesin complex 2. kinetochore 3. monopolin 4. nucleosome 5. synaptonemal complex 6. telomere 7. sister chromatid 8. spindle
- 9-10. The IGF2 gene is matemally imprinted, i.e., the matemal copy is not expressed. Expression of the paternal copy is enabled by methylation of a CpG island located between IGF2 and its enhancer. CTCF Maternal igr2 오오오 allele not Enhancer- transcribed Insulator Paternal ig12 9. If you isolated DNA from 20 individual spematozoa, you would expect that: Enhancer allele transcribed a. This CpG island will be methylated in about 10 of them b. This CpG island will be unmethylated in all of them c. This CpG island will be methylated in all of them d. Each sperm will carry one methylated and one unmethylated copy of this CpG island e. None of the above are truePolarity of oocyte of DrosophilaWhat is the difference between the anterior and posterior determinant for the oocyte?Explain about the mechanism of genotoxic agent in validating the regulator histone h4 dosage modulates DNA damage response in the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata via homologous recombination pathway questions
- Recall that the nuclear membrane disintegrates late in prophase of mitosis in most eukarvotic cells. Once the membrane is reformed in telophase in a daughter cell, several components of gene expression mignt therefore be "caught" out in the cytoplasm when they would otherwise onlv ever be found inside the nucleus. Consider where the following components of gene expression are made and where they runction. Which component is normally never found in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus? O A. Spliced intron • B. RNA polymerase O C. Histones • D. DNA polymeraseI. The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is a transcription factor that is similar to steroid hormone receptors. Thesubstance (ligand) that binds to this receptor is retinoicacid. One of the genes whose transcription is activatedby retinoic acid binding to the receptor is myoD. Thediagram that follows shows a schematic view of theRAR proteins produced by genes into which one oftwo different 12-base double-stranded oligonucleotides had been inserted in the ORF. The insertion site(a–m) associated with each mutant protein is indicatedwith the appropriate letter on the polypeptide map.For constructs encoding proteins a–e, oligonucleotide 1(5′ TTAATTAATTAA 3′ read off either strand) wasinserted into the RAR gene. For constructs encoding proteins f–m, oligonucleotide 2 (5′ CCGGCCGGCCGG 3′)was inserted into the gene.NH2 f g h i j k l m COOHa b c d eThe wild-type RAR protein can both bind DNA and activate transcription weakly in the absence of retinoic acid(RA) and strongly in RA’s presence. Each…plz choose incorrect option . Q. Telomere is a typical heterochromatic region in eukaryotic genome. Choose an incorrect description about gene silencing in telomere. ① Methylation on H3K9 is an initiating event for heterochromatin formation in telomere ② Mutation of Rap1 will disrupt the heterochromatic formation in telomere ③ Region of heterochromatin can spread along the chromosome until inhibiting mechanisms stop it ④ Sir complex is the key factor that condenses nucleosome in telomere