Consider the market for electric cars. Suppose that a electric car manufacturing facility dumps sludge into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the facility. Producing additional electric cars imposes a constant per-unit external cost of $75. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for electric cars. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $75 per unit.
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- 3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantityof consumption Consider the market for steel. Suppose that a steel manufacturing plant dumps toxic waste into' a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the plant. Producing an additional ton of steel imposes a constant external cost of $385 per ton. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for steel. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $385 per ton. 1100 990 Social Cost 880 770 Supply (Private Cost) 660 550 440 330 220 Demand 110 (Private Value) 1 2 14 6. 7 QUANTITY (Tons of steel). PRICE (Dollars per ton of steel)Crop loss per additional steer Number in herd Annual crop loss (Steers) (Tons) (Tons) 1 1 3 2 3 4 10 4 The cost of crop damage is $1/ton. The cattle rancher is able to sell the meat from each steer for $3.5. What is the socially efficient number of steers? [Select) If the rancher is liable for crop damages, will the rancher raise the efficient number of steers? [ Select ] If there are no transaction costs, and the rancher is not liable for crop damages, will they raise the efficient number of steers? [Select) The point of Coase's analysis here is that if the pricing system functions without transaction costs, I Select)1. Solve for the graph and aggregate demand of the city’s 30 residents as functions of the number of trees. Label intercepts slopes and intersection of two sections. 2. Assume that the city can obtain each tree at a constant marginal cost of 200. Solve the socially efficient numbers of trees for the city to purchase.
- PRICE (Dollars per ton) 80 72 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 B Demand 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 QUANTITY (Millions of tons) Graph Input Tool Daily Demand for Pollution Rights Price 8 (Dollars per ton) Quantity Demanded (Millions of tons) 225 Suppose the government has determined that the socially optimal quantity of sulfur dioxide emissions is 125 million tons per day. One way governments can charge firms for pollution rights is by imposing a per-unit tax on emissions. A tax (or price in this case) of $ of sulfur dioxide emitted will achieve the desired level of pollution. per ton Now suppose the U.S. government does not know the demand curve for pollution and, therefore, cannot determine the optimal tax to achieve the desired level of pollution. Instead, it auctions off pollution permits. Each permit entitles its owner to emit one ton of sulfur dioxide per day. To achieve the socially optimal quantity of pollution, the government auctions off 125 million pollution permits. Given…PRICE (Dollars perton) 90 81 72 63 54 45 30 27 18 9 0 0 + I 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 QUANTITY (Millions of tons) 20 40 Demand Graph Input Tool Daily Demand for Pollution Rights Price (Dollars per ton) Quantity Demanded (Millions of tons) 9 180 Suppose the government has determined that the socially optimal quantity of chemical pollution is 140 million tons per day. Corrective taxes Tradable permits One way governments can charge firms for pollution rights is by imposing a per-unit tax on emissions. A tax (or price in this case) of S of chemicals emitted will achieve the desired level of pollution. (?) Now suppose the U.S. government does not know the demand curve for pollution and, therefore, cannot determine the optimal tax to achieve the desired level of pollution. Instead, it auctions off tradable pollution permits. Each permit entitles its owner to emit one ton of chemicals per day. To achieve the socially optimal quantity of pollution, the government auctions off 140…Econ Return to Activity Score Mentor Mega Beans Market Booming Berries Booming Berries Materials Mark, if the external marginal cost from Booming Berries is $20 per thousand pounds, what is the socially efficient price per pound? 130 Booming Berrles 120 Clare 110 100 $70 90 80 70 Mark 60 That is correct! 50 40 30 Econ 20 Mentor 10 Mark, if the external marginal cost from Booming Berries is $20 per thousand pounds, what is the socially efficient quantity (in thousands)? 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Quantity (in thousands) Clare Enter a response then click Submit below (in thousands) Submit MacBook Air F12 FI1 F9 F10 F8 F7 F6 888 F4 F5 F3 F2 esc F1 * & 24 % 8 @ # 7 3 4 2 T E Q tab Price (per pound)
- Consider the following graph that shows the marginal abatement cost (MAC) curve for a coal power plan for reducing local air pollution and the marginal damage (MD) curve for those living around the coal power plant. MD (E) MAC (E b. Emissions E-0 E EL E-Max AMax Or Abatement E A-0 What are the total abatement costs at E' (enter your answer with the letters and "+" signs as "a+b+c+d+e+f", without the quotation marks. What are the total abatement costs at E-0 (enter your answer with the letters and "+" signs as as "a+b+c+d+c+f", without the quotation marks. If the property rights were with the coal power plant how much Emissions would we see? (enter one of the following, "E-0", "E", "E1", "E-Max") If the property rights were with the people how much Emissions would we see? (enter one of the following. "E-0", "E", "E1 "E-Max") What is the socially optimal level of emissions (choose from one of the following and enter as written without the quotation marks, "E-0". "E"E1 "E-Max").Q2 solution needed i need in words not handwritten solution Q1: The October 30th, 2021 edition of The Economist included an article titled “As EnergyPrices Spike, Governments Reach for the Dirtiest Tool in the Box.” (It is not necessary foryou to read the article; we will provide all relevant information in the questions we ask).The “dirty tool” in question is fossil-fuel subsidies. For Question 1, consider the marketfor natural gas in January 2020, prior to the onset of the Covid pandemic and before anychanges described in The Economist article. Assume that in January 2020, natural gasprices were in a short-run equilibrium.• Draw a graph that shows supply and demand analysis for gas in January2020. This graph will serve as a starting point for your analysis inQuestions 2, 3, 4, and 5.• In drawing this graph, please assume that the demand curve is downwardsloping and the supply curve is upward sloping.• Clearly show the market equilibrium in January 2020.• Please remember to clearly…Price (per pack) 11 10 9 8 7 -NW AS a 3 2 1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Quantity (millions of packs per year) DM DS If cigarettes are priced at $3 a pack. Instructions: Enter your responses as a whole number. a. what is the quantity demanded in the market? million packs per year b. what is the socially optimal quantity? million packs per year c. If the government were to Intervene and tax cigarettes, how large of a tax is needed per pack to achieve this optimal outcome?
- Consider the market for steel. Suppose that a steel manufacturing plant dumps toxic waste into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the plant. Producing an additional ton of steel imposes a constant external cost of $220 per ton. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for steel. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $220 per ton. 1100 990 Social Cost 880 770 660 Supply (Private Cost) 550 440 Demand 330 (Private Value) 220 110 1 2 3 4 6 7 QUANTITY (Tons of steel) PRICE (Dollars per ton of steel)The figure below shows the MWTP ($ per year) to lower indoor carbon monoxide of 3 students living in the same house. The socially-efficient level of carbon monoxide concentration is ppm. 50 60 70 80 90 ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm Elvis 45 55 70 85 110 MWTP Matthew 7 10 35 60 MWTP Elena 10 15 30 MWTP Marginal Cost of 220 72 50 35 Lowering Carbon Monoxide Levels 20 20MSC 10 4 MSB 100 200 300 400 500 600 Quantity (dozens of doughnuts per day) 18) The above figure shows the marginal social benefit and marginal social cost curves of doughnuts in the nation of Kaffenia. There is no external benefit. What is the marginal benefit to the citizen of Kaffenia who consumes the 100th dozen doughnuts each day? [5 POINTS] A) $10.00 per dozen B) $8.00 per dozen C) $6.00 per dozen D) $4.00 per dozen 19) The above figure shows the marginal social benefit and marginal social cost curves of doughnuts in the nation of Kaffenia. What is the marginal social cost to the economy of Kaffenia of producing the 100th dozen doughnuts each day? [4 POINTS] A) $10.00 per dozen B) $8.00 per dozen C) $6.00 per dozen D) $4.00 per dozen Marginal cost and marginal benefit (dollars per dozen)