Consider a thermal engine filled with N molecules of a monatomic ideal gas. The gas undergoes a cyclic transformation, as shown. (Figure 1) Processes AB and CD are isothermal (constant temperature), and processes BC and DA are isochoric (constant volume). The quantities p1, p2, V1, and V2 are defined in the figure. For example, when the gas is in state A, it has pressure p2 and volume V1; when the gas is in state B, it has volume V2, but the pressure is not given. 1. What is the change in internal energy UB−UA during the process AB? What is the change in internal energy UD−UC during the process CD? Express the change in internal energies in terms of p1, p2, V1, and/or V2. Separate your answers with a comma. 2. What is the change in internal energy UC−UB during the process BC? What is the change in internal energy UA−UD during the process DA? Express the change in internal energies in terms of p1, p2, V1, and/or V2. Separate your answers with a comma. 3. What is the total change in the gas's internal energy after it has completed a cycle?
Consider a thermal engine filled with N molecules of a monatomic ideal gas. The gas undergoes a cyclic transformation, as shown. (Figure 1) Processes AB and CD are isothermal (constant temperature), and processes BC and DA are isochoric (constant volume).
The quantities p1, p2, V1, and V2 are defined in the figure. For example, when the gas is in state A, it has pressure p2 and volume V1; when the gas is in state B, it has volume V2, but the pressure is not given.
1. What is the change in internal energy UB−UA during the process AB? What is the change in internal energy UD−UC during the process CD? Express the change in internal energies in terms of p1, p2, V1, and/or V2. Separate your answers with a comma.
2. What is the change in internal energy UC−UB during the process BC? What is the change in internal energy UA−UD during the process DA? Express the change in internal energies in terms of p1, p2, V1, and/or V2. Separate your answers with a comma.
3. What is the total change in the gas's internal energy after it has completed a cycle?
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