= Consider a consumer with expenditure function e(p, u) consumer has wealth 4. Initially, prices are (3, 2). p₂u - √. Suppose that the (a) What value of a would make the consumer indifferent between a fall in prices to (1,1) with wealth remaining at 4 and an increase in wealth of a with prices remaining at (3, 2)? How is this conceptually related to the compensating or equivalent variation? (You do not have to do any additional calculations to answer the second part of the question.) (b) Find the substitution and income effects on Good 1 associated with a marginal increase in the price of Good 2 when prices are (3,2).
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- Question 1 Consider a consumer with a utility function of U(X,,X2, ... , Xn) = II-1 X , a; > 0, i = 1,2,3, ...,n. P; is a price of 1 unit of the i-th good. Assuming that the consumer has the total budget of $M, derive his optimal consumption bundles in the following procedure. (a) Set up the consumer's utility maximization program with a Lagrangean multiplier. (b) What is an economic intuition of the Lagrangean multiplier? (c) Assuming an interior solution, get all the FOCS. (d) Find an optimal consumption bundle while specifying each step required to get the solution. (e) Characterize the maximized utility as a function of $M and the parameters. What does it look like? (f) Find an exact value of the Lagrangean multiplier.Total Utility derived from the consumption of a product to a consumer is given by U = (20-0.50)'Q where Q is the number of units consumed Using a graphical representation, show what is the nature of variation in the utility with the increasing consumption of the product? Is it in line with the law of diminishing marginal utility? Explain.Question 2 David spends his budget on chocolate and chip. His utility function is given by ?(?1,?2)= 2?1?2, where ?1 is the number of chocolates he consumers per week, and ?2 is the number of chips he buys per week. A chocolate costs 10 SEK, and a chip costs 20 SEK. David’s weekly budge for consuming on these two goods is 120 SEK. (1) What is David’s budge line? Draw the budget line on a graph with chocolate amounts on the horizontal axis and chip amounts on the vertical axis. Write explicitly at which points budget line crosses the axis. (2) What is David’s marginal utilities for the two goods, respectively? What is his marginal rate of substitution between the two goods? (3) What is David’s optimal choice? Calculate the numerical answer for the optimal bundle. Also draw an indifference curve for David on the same graph as question(1) and show the optimal bundle.
- U=X^0.7*Y^0.8 utility function (EXAMPLE: U=XL In the Utility function given above, U=Utility level, X and Y are two goods such as apples and pears) (e.g. apple and pear),Px and Py represent the price of goods X and Y, respectively. (M) shows income The budget equation is shown as M=PxX+PyYpx=5py=10M=800a) Find the Y quantities that maximize the Utility according to the above. b) Calculate how much a one-unit increase in the constraint will increase the level of utility. c) Calculate the maximum benefit levelQUESTION 1 For the utility function U = Qx0.50Qy(1-0.50) and the budget 122 = 8Qx + 14Qy find the CHANGE in optimal consumption of Y if the price of Xincreases by a factor of 1.7. Please enter your response as a positive number with 1 decimal and 5/4 rounding (e.g. 1.15 1.2, 1.14 = 1.1).For each of the following utility functions get the marginal utility of consumption of each of the goods. 1/2 1/2 (a) u(a,b) = a b (b) u(x, y) = x³/4y1/4 (c) u(a, b) = n(a) + In(x) (d) u(x, y) = ln(x) + ln(y) (e) u(a, b) = 2xa +Xb
- For the utility function U=Qx0.370,(1-0.37) and the budget 194 140x+6Qy find the CHANGE in optimal consumption of X if income increases by a factor of 1.4. Please enter your response as a positive number with 1 decimal and 5/4 rounding (e.g. 1.15 1.2, 1.14=1.1).3. Let there be two goods x and y with prices px and py respectively, and let M be the consumer's income. Let the consumer's preferences be represented by the utility function min(2x, y). Find the consumer's expenditure function. Note: you cannot use the Lagrange method as the utility function is not differentiable - but you have used the min U = utility function before. (4)1. Prove if the indirect utility function is quasiconvex The indirect utility function: V(p,w) = w[P1^(p/p-1) + P2^(p/p-1)]^((1-p)/p)
- (b) It is thought that a consumer measures the utility, u(x, y), of possessing a quantity, z, of apples and a quantity, y, of oranges by the formula u(x, y) = rªyla, where a is a constant. Suppose that apples cost p dollars each and oranges q dollars each. If the consumer has M dollars to spend on apples and oranges, use the method of Lagrange multipliers to find the quantity of each that he will buy in terms of a, p, q and M. [You are not required to justify the use of the method of Lagrange multipliers here.] For equally priced apples and oranges when he has one dollar to spend, he is actually observed buying one apple and two oranges. What value of a does this imply?Kate’s utility function includes coffee (c) and sugar (s). She only consumes coffee and sugar together, and she only consumes in the ratio of one unit (cup) of coffee with two units (spoons) of sugar. Her utility function is What is her marginal utility of sugar if she has 4 cups of coffee and 6 spoons of sugar? Remember that unit are infinitely divisible (you can have parts of units). (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ½ (d) 2A utility function is given by the equation U = 20xe¬0.1x, where x is the number of glasses of wine consumed. (a) Show that this utility function has a maximum value and calculate the maximum utility. (b) Describe how marginal utility changes for glasses of wine consumed after the maximum utility is reached. Do you consider this reasonable? Give an explanation.