Consider a 32-bit microprocessor whose bus cycle is the same duration as that of a 16 bit microprocessor. Assume that, on average, 20% of the operands and instructions are 32 bits long. 40% are 16 bits long, and 40% are only 8 bits long. Calculate the improvement achieved when fetching instructions and operands with the 32-bit micro Processor.
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- A(n) ________________ instruction always alters the instruction execution sequence. A(n) ______________ instruction alters the instruction execution sequence only if a specified Condition is true.Most Intel CPUs use the __________, in which each memory address is represented by two integers.A microprocessor has an increment memory direct instruction, which adds 1 to the value in a memory location. The instruction has five stages: fetch opcode(four bus clock cycles),fetch operand address (three cycles), fetch operand (three cycles) add 1 to operand (three cycles), and store operand (three cycles). a. By what amount (in percent) will the duration of the instruction increase if we have to insert two bus wait states in each memory read and memory write operation? b. repeat assuming that the increment operation takes 13 cycles instead of 3 cycles
- Suppose that a microprocessor operates at 5MHz. How long does the bus cycle occupy, assuming no wait states are inserted?3. If we have an 8 bit microcontroller that has 4kB of instruction memory starting at address 0x0000, and 2kB of data memory immediately above that, what is the next available byte in our address map?5. Consider two microprocessors having 8- and 16-bit-wide external data buses, respectively. The two processors are identical otherwise and their bus cycles take just as long. (a) Suppose all instructions and operands are one byte long, by what factor do the maximum data transfer rates differ?
- Draw pinouts of 8088 or 8086 microprocessor (µp). Also draw schematics of 8088/8086 µp buses with Latch(s) [IC: 74LS373] and Buffer(s) [IC: 74LS245]. Write purpose of using latch and buffer ICs with µp buses.Consider a hypothetical microprocessor having 32-bit instructions composed of two fields: the first Byte contains the opcode and the remainder the immediate operand or operand address. What is the maximum directly accessible memory capacity (in Bytes)? Discuss the impact on the system speed if the microprocessor bus has: a 32-bit local address bus and a 16-bit local data bus a 16-bit local address bus and a 16-bit local data busQuestion 6 Suppose you have a RISC machine with a 1.6 GHz clock (i.e., the clock ticks 1.6 billion times per second). This particular computer uses an instruction cache, a data cache, an operand fetch unit, and an operand store unit. The instruction set includes simple instructions with the following timings: set reg, immed 2 clock cycle 2 clock cycles 2 clock cycle 4 clock cycles 3 clock cycles loop label add reg, immed add reg, reg load reg, mem Assume that the following code franent is used to sum the element of a numeric array. If the initialization code has already executed (i.e. the SET instructions have already finished execution) how many array elements can be processed in 5 ms? Round your answer to the nearest integer. Recall that 1 ms = 0.001 seconds. Also assume that there are no physical memory limitations, implying that the array can be as large as desired. ri, e r2, MAX_SIZE ;initialize loop counter r3, @list initialize sum set set set initialize array pointer more: load…
- Consider a simple read-only memory (ROM) unit with 2-bit addressand 2-bit data buses.Draw the internal architecture of such a ROM unit includingtransistors, address and data signals, and the row decoder.? I have attached the answer to the question, but I am confused by it, if you could explain every step including how many transistors to use, where to place them and the basic procedure which could be used with other similar questions that would be helpful, do not copy and paste off chatgptConsider a simple read-only memory (ROM) unit with 2-bit addressand 2-bit data buses.Draw the internal architecture of such a ROM unit includingtransistors, address and data signals, and the row decoder.? I have attached the answer to the question, but I am confused by it, if you could explain every step including how many transistors to use, where to place them and the basic procedure which could be used with other similar questions that would be helpfulConsider a word-addressable computer with 32 bits per word. The instruction set consists of 30 different All instructions have an operation code field, a mode field to specify one of 7 possible addressing modes, a register address field to specify one of 60 available registers, and a memory address field. Each instruction is stored in one word of memory. What is the maximum allowable size for memory? Use KB, MB, or GB as a unit.