Code in Python Please For an undirected graph G with n vertices, prove the following are equivalent: G is a tree G is connected, but if any edge is removed the resulting graph is not connected. For any two distinct vertices , u and v , there is exactly one simple path from u to v. G contains no cycles and has n-1 edges
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- Please Answer this in Python language: You're given a simple undirected graph G with N vertices and M edges. You have to assign, to each vertex i, a number C; such that 1 ≤ C; ≤ N and Vi‡j, C; ‡ Cj. For any such assignment, we define D; to be the number of neighbours j of i such that C; < C₁. You want to minimise maai[1..N) Di - mini[1..N) Di. Output the minimum possible value of this expression for a valid assignment as described above, and also print the corresponding assignment. Note: The given graph need not be connected. • If there are multiple possible assignments, output anyone. • Since the input is large, prefer using fast input-output methods. Input 1 57 12 13 14 23 24 25 35 Output 2 43251 QThe minimum vertex cover problem is stated as follows: Given an undirected graph G = (V, E) with N vertices and M edges. Find a minimal size subset of vertices X from V such that every edge (u, v) in E is incident on at least one vertex in X. In other words you want to find a minimal subset of vertices that together touch all the edges. For example, the set of vertices X = {a,c} constitutes a minimum vertex cover for the following graph: a---b---c---g d e Formulate the minimum vertex cover problem as a Genetic Algorithm or another form of evolutionary optimization. You may use binary representation, OR any repre- sentation that you think is more appropriate. you should specify: • A fitness function. Give 3 examples of individuals and their fitness values if you are solving the above example. • A set of mutation and/or crossover and/or repair operators. Intelligent operators that are suitable for this particular domain will earn more credit. • A termination criterion for the…Write a java program for dominant set of vertices, graph and at least one adjance vertex of set s.
- 3) The graph k-coloring problem is stated as follows: Given an undirected graph G= (V,E) with N vertices and M edges and an integer k. Assign to each vertex v in V a color c(v) such that 1Q2 a Let G be a graph. We say that a set of vertices C form a vertex cover if every edge of G is incident to at least one vertex in C. We say that a set of vertices I form an independent set if no edge in G connects two vertices from I. For example, if G is the graph above, C = [b, d, e, f, g, h, j] is a vertex cover since each of the 20 edges in the graph has at least one endpoint in C, and I = [a, c, i, k] is an independent set because none of these edges appear in the graph: ac, ai, ak, ci, ck, ik. In the example above, notice that each vertex belongs to the vertex cover C or the independent set I. Do you think that this is a coincidence? In the above graph, clearly explain why the maximum size of an independent set is 5. In other words, carefully explain why there does not exist an independent set with 6 or more vertices.Suppose you have a graph G with 6 vertices and 7 edges, and you are given the following information: The degree of vertex 1 is 3. The degree of vertex 2 is 4. The degree of vertex 3 is 2. The degree of vertex 4 is 3. The degree of vertex 5 is 2. The degree of vertex 6 is 2. What is the minimum possible number of cycles in the graph G?Given a graph that is a tree (connected and acyclic). (I) Pick any vertex v.(II) Compute the shortest path from v to every other vertex. Let w be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance.(III) Compute the shortest path from w to every other vertex. Let x be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance. Consider the path p from w to x. Which of the following are truea. p is the longest path in the graphb. p is the shortest path in the graphc. p can be calculated in time linear in the number of edges/verticesIn graph theory, graph coloring is a special case of graph labeling; it is an assignment of labels traditionally called "colors" to elements of a graph subject to certain constraints. In its simplest form, it is a way of coloring the vertices of a graph such that no two adjacent vertices share the same color; this is called a vertex coloring. The chromatic number of a graph is the least mumber of colors required to do a coloring of a graph. Example Here in this graph the chromatic number is 3 since we used 3 colors The degree of a vertex v in a graph (without loops) is the number of edges at v. If there are loops at v each loop contributes 2 to the valence of v. A graph is connected if for any pair of vertices u and v one can get from u to v by moving along the edges of the graph. Such routes that move along edges are known by different names: edge progressions, paths, simple paths, walks, trails, circuits, cycles, etc. a. Write down the degree of the 16 vertices in the graph below: 14…3) The graph k-coloring problem is stated as follows: Given an undirected graph G = (V,E) with N vertices and M edges and an integer k. Assign to each vertex v in Va color c(v) such that 1< c(v)Given the following example of UAG graphs: i)- In Java, give implementation to find the shortest path for graph 1 2 12 9 10 3 5 \21 14 15 8. 4Given a graph that is a tree (connected and acyclic). (1) Pick any vertex v. (II) Compute the shortest path from v to every other vertex. Let w be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance. (III) Compute the shortest path from w to every other vertex. Let x be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance. Consider the path p from w to x. Which of the following are true a. p is the longest path in the graph b. p is the shortest path in the graph c. p can be calculated in time linear in the number of edges/vertices a,c a,b a,b,c b.cWe are given an undirected connected graph G = (V, E) and vertices s and t.Initially, there is a robot at position s and we want to move this robot to position t by moving it along theedges of the graph; at any time step, we can move the robot to one of the neighboring vertices and the robotwill reach that vertex in the next time step.However, we have a problem: at every time step, a subset of vertices of this graph undergo maintenance andif the robot is on one of these vertices at this time step, it will be destroyed (!). Luckily, we are given theschedule of the maintenance for the next T time steps in an array M [1 : T ], where each M [i] is a linked-listof the vertices that undergo maintenance at time step i.Design an algorithm that finds a route for the robot to go from s to t in at most T seconds so that at notime i, the robot is on one of the maintained vertices, or output that this is not possible. The runtime ofyour algorithm should ideally be O((n + m) ·T ) but you will…SEE MORE QUESTIONSRecommended textbooks for youDatabase System ConceptsComputer ScienceISBN:9780078022159Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. SudarshanPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationStarting Out with Python (4th Edition)Computer ScienceISBN:9780134444321Author:Tony GaddisPublisher:PEARSONDigital Fundamentals (11th Edition)Computer ScienceISBN:9780132737968Author:Thomas L. FloydPublisher:PEARSONC How to Program (8th Edition)Computer ScienceISBN:9780133976892Author:Paul J. 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