Calculate the masses of (a) Ca(NO3)2 and, separately, (b) NaCI to add to a 0.150 mol kg-1 solution of KNO3(aq) containing 500 g of solvent to raise its ionic strength to 0.250.
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Calculate the masses of (a) Ca(NO3)2 and, separately, (b) NaCI to add to a 0.150 mol kg-1 solution of KNO3(aq) containing 500 g of solvent to raise its ionic strength to 0.250.
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- Calculate the masses of (i) KNO3 and, separately, (ii) Ba(NO3)2 to add to a 0.110 mol kg−1 solution of KNO3(aq) containing 500 g of solvent to raise its ionic strength to 1.00.Calculate the masses of (i) Ca(NO3)2 and, separately, (ii) NaCl to add to a 0.150 mol kg−1 solution of KNO3(aq) containing 500 g of solvent to raise its ionic strength to 0.250.Calculate the masses of (i) KNO3 and, separately, (ii) Ba(NO3)2 to add to a 0.110 mol kg−1 solution of KNO (aq) containing 500 g of solvent to raise its ionic strength to 1.00.
- 6. When the ideal-gas reaction A+B=C+Dhas reached equilibrium, state whether or not each of the following relations must be true. Here n¡ is the number of moles of species i in equilibrium, P, is the partial pressure of i, and µ; is the chemical potential of i. Here a simple True or False answer is sufficient. (a) nc+np=nA +ng (b) Pc+Pp=PA+PB (c) na=ng (d) nc=na (e) If only A and B are present initially, then nc=np (f) Ha + HB= Hc+ Hp no matter what the initial composition. (g) If only A and B are present initially, then in equilibrium we must have nc # 0. (h) The equilibrium constant Kp(T)= PĄPB/(PcPp). (i) The value of –RT In Kp(T) = µE(T)+µ8(T)– H3(T) –- H§(T). ) The equilibrium constant is independent of the total pressure.(a) Derive an expression for the ratio of solubilities of AgCI at two different temperatures; assume that the standard enthalpy of solution of AgCI is independent of temperature in the range of interest. (b) Do you expect the solubility of AgCI to increase or decrease as the temperature is raised?Estimate the mean ionic activity coefficient of NaCl in a solution that is 0.020 mol kg−1 NaCl(aq) and 0.035 mol kg−1 Ca(NO3)2(aq) at 25 °C.
- b) Determine the standard enthalpy change and std. Gibbs free energy change of reaction at 400 k for the reaction СO(g) +2H2(g) — CHОН (g) At 298.15 K, AH.co (0)= -26.41 kcal/mol, AH AG.co (9)= -32.8079 kcal/mol, AG cH,oh(9)= -38.69 kcal/mol, °.CH20H(9)= -48.08 kcal/mol, The standard heat capacity of various components is given by, CO = a + bT + cT² + dT³, where C, is in cal/mol-K and T is in K b x10² с х105 d x10° Соmponent CH3OH а 4.55 2.186 -0.291 -1.92 CO 6.726 0.04 0.1283 -0.5307 H2 6.952 -0.0457 0.09563 -0.2079One ecologically important equilibrium is that between carbonate and hydrogencarbonate (bicarbonate) ions in natural water. (a) The standard Gibbs energies of formation of CO32−(aq) and HCO3−(aq) are −527.81 kJ mol−1 and −586.77 kJ mol−1, respectively. What is the standard potential of the HCO3−/CO32−,H2 couple? (b) Calculate the standard potential of a cell in which the cell reaction is Na2CO3(aq) + H2O(l) → NaHCO3(aq) + NaOH(aq). (c) Write the Nernst equation for the cell, and (d) predict and calculate the change in cell potential when the pH is changed to 7.0 at 298 K.Consider the cell Pt|H,(g) HCI(aq)|AgCl(s)JAg, for which the cell reaction is 2 AgCl(s) + H,(g) and a molality of HCI of 0.020 mol kg', Ecell = +0.4658 V. (i) Write the Nernst equation for the cell reaction. (ii) Calculate A,G for the cell reaction. (iii) → 2 Ag(s) + 2 HCI(aq). At 25 °C Assuming that the Debye-Hückel limiting law holds at this concentration, calculate E'(CI, AgCl, Ag).
- 4. The standard Gibbs energy of formation of PH3(g) is l3.4 kJ/mol at 298 K. Note that the standard state of phosphorus at 298 K is P4(s). If H2(g) and PH3(g) are treated as perfect gases, and their partial pressures are both 2.0 bar: (a) What is the reaction quotient, Q? (b) What is the corresponding reaction Gibbs energy for the reaction corresponding to the standard Gibbs energy of formation of PH3(g)? (c) What is the spontaneous direction of the reaction?(a) Calculate the standard potential of the cell Ag(s)|AgNO3(aq)||Cu(NO3)2(aq)|Cu(s) and the standard Gibbs energy and enthalpy of the cell reaction at 25 °C. (b) Estimate the value of ΔrGΘ at 35 °C.Sketch reasonably accurately the pH curve for the titration of 25.0 cm3 of 0.15 M Ba(OH)2(aq) with 0.22 M HCI(aq). Mark on the curve (a) the initial pH, (b) the pH at the stoichiometric point.