Caches are important in providing processors with a high-performance memory hierarchy. Below is a list of 32-bit memory address references represented in Hex. 0x00C, 0x2D0, 0x0AC, 0x008, 0x2FC, 0x160, 0x2F8, 0x038, 0x2D4, 0x0B0, 0x2E8, 0x3F4 You are asked to optimize a cache design for the given references. There are three direct- mapped cache designs possible, all with 8 words of data: C1 has 1-word blocks, C2 has 2-word blocks, and C3 has 4-word blocks. In terms of miss rate, which cache design is the best?
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- A 2-way set associative cache consists of four sets. Main memory contains 2K blocks of eight words each. Show the main memory address format that allows us to map addresses from main memory to cache. Be sure to include the fields as well as their sizes. Compute the hit ratio for a program that loops 6 times from locations 8 to 51 in main memory. You may leave the hit ratio in terms of a fraction. Please show details how you obtain the result.A cache is set up with a block size of 32 words. There are 64 blocks in cache and set up to be 4-way set associative. You have byte address 0x8923. Show the word address, block address, tag, and index Show each access being filled in with a note of hit or miss. You are given word address and the access are: 0xff, 0x08, 0x22, 0x00, 0x39, 0xF3, 0x07, 0xc0.. Assume SP=0XE99D, R16=0XE2, R17=0x25, R01=0XFC, R15=0X1F and the following memory information. Address contents (hex) post Address contents (hex) post pre 22 pre 44 OXE996 OXE99C OXE997 46 OXE99D C5 OXE998 17 OXE99E Аб OXE999 21 OXE99F 77 ОхЕ99A F2 OXE9A0 78 OXE99B C3 OXE9A1 A5 Find the values of the registers SP, R01, R16 and R17 after the following operations. РОP R01 РО R16 РОP R17 РOP R20 PUSH R15 SP R16 R17 R01 R20 R15
- Q1- Write a program in assembly language for the 8085 microprocessor to send 10 bytes of data located at the memory address (3000H to 3009H) using SOD at a baud rate of 1200. Information: The 8085 processor operates at a frequency of 3.072 MHz. When sending each of the required bytes, you must adhere to the following: The two high bits of the start bits must be sent, after that the data bits are sent, after that the low bit of the stop bit is sent. The following flowchart will help you, but you should notice that this flowchart deals with one byte, and you are required to deal with 10 bytes. The solution must be integrated and include the calculation of the baudrate delay time Transmit No Set up Character Bit Counter Send Start Bit Wait Bit Time Get Character in Accumulator Output Bit Using Do Wait Bit Time Rotate Next Bit in Do Decrement Bit Counter Is It Last Bit? Yes Add Parity if Necessary • Send Two Stop Bits Return (a)In a Direct Mapped Cache Memory Physical Address format the Cache line offset field size and word offset field size are same (with word size of one Byte). The number of tag bits in the Physical Address format is equal to the number of blocks in Cache Memory. If the Tag field Size is Mega words. 16 bits, the size of the physical Memory isSuppose a computer using direct mapped cache has 4M byte of byte-addressable main memory, and a cache of 512 blocks, where each cache block contains 64 bytes. a) How many blocks of main memory are there? b) What is the format of a memory address as seen by the cache, i.e., what are the sizes of the tag, block, and offset fields? c) To which cache block will the memory address 0x00007266 map?
- An-Najah National University Department of Computer Engineering Microprocessors (10636322) Assignment # 1 Answer the following: 1- Write an 8086-assembly program that reads only vowels (a, e, i, o, u) from the keyboard (other characters are not excepted) and store them in a character array of 10 bytes long. Vowels entered after the array is full should be discarded. The program should stop reading characters when a 'S' is entered. When the 'S' character is entered, the program should output a new line, followed by the contents of the character array, with a space character between each vowel. 2- Write an assembly code to sort a word array of 50 numbers in ascending order. 3- The perfect number is defined as an integer which is equal to the sum of its divisors. Example: 28 is perfect number because 28 = 1+2+4 +7+ 14. Write an inline assembly e function that will takes an integer number as parameter and check whether it is a perfect number or not. Use the function in complete program. 4-…Q1- Write a program in assembly language for the 8085 microprocessor to send one byte of data located at the memory address (3000H ) using SOD at a baud rate of 1200. Information: The 8085 processor operates at a frequency of 3.072 MHz . When sending the required byte, you must adhere to the following: The two high bits of the start bits(1 1) must be sent, after that the data bits are sent, after that the low bit of the stop bit (0) is sent. The following flowchart will help you. The solution must be integrated and include the calculation of the baudrate delay timeA 2-way set-associative cache consists of four sets. Main memory contains 2K blocks of 8 bytes each and byte addressing is used.Q.) Compute the hit ratio for a program that loops three times from addresses 0x8 to 0x33 in main memory. You may leave the hit ratio in terms of a fraction.
- physcal addresses are 4s ng 4 Ame dat in a cetain compe, te addresses can be translaled without y TLB entries At most how many ditina vid the address translation peh has 12 vld The Translation Look aside Bulfer (TLB)i sine is kB and the word size iby The memory is word addresible. The pe virtual addresses are 64 bea long d th sine is miss?In designing a computer’s cache system, the cache block or cache line size is an important parameter. Which of the following statements is correct in this context? A smaller block size implies better spatial locality A smaller block size implies a smaller cache tag and hence lower cache tag overhead A smaller block size implies a larger cache tag and hence lower cache hit time A smaller bock size incurs a lower cache miss penaltyA CPU has a 32-bit memory address and a 256 KB cache memory. The cache is organized as a 4-way set-associative cache with a cache line size of 16 bytes. Enter numeric values only. 1. What is the number of sets in the cache? 2. What is the size (in bits) of the tag field per cache line? 3. What is the number of comparators required for tag matching? bits 4. How many address bits are required to find the byte offset within a cache line? 5. What is the total amount of extra memory (in bytes) required for the tag bits? bytes