Business executives and policymakers are often concerned about the competitiveness of Pakistani industry (the ability of industries to sell their goods profitably in world markets). i. How would an increase in the nominal exchange rate ($/Rs) affect competitiveness in the short run? Explain. ii. Suppose you wanted to make domestic industries more competitive but did not want to alter aggregate income. According to the Mundell–Fleming model, what combination of monetary and fiscal policies should you pursue? Graphically explain.

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