Multifunctional protein kinases O phosphorylate various targets with the correct consensus sequence carry out phosphorylation as well as sulfonation reactions O remove phosphates through hydrolysis O have a very specific target that they phosphorylate conserve energy in the form of ATP from the degradation of proteins

Multifunctional protein kinases O phosphorylate various targets with the correct consensus sequence carry out phosphorylation as well as sulfonation reactions O remove phosphates through hydrolysis O have a very specific target that they phosphorylate conserve energy in the form of ATP from the degradation of proteins

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter4: Cells

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD

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What advantage is there to phosphoglycerate kinase having an open and closed protein configuration? It allows water to be trapped in the active site along with the substrate. O Changing of the configuration of the enzyme makes the reaction exergonic. The induced-fit mechanism maximizes accessibility of active site without sacrificing hydrophobic environment. It forces covalent binding of the substrate to the enzyme active site.
Sketch the arrow pushing mechanism for the acid base catalyzed formation of phospho-serine from protein kinase a. You may shorthand the emzyme, the ribose and the adenine ring in ATP
An enzyme that catalyzes a reaction such as the one below is alan: || C-0 || C-0 C=0 С —о — Н I| Н-С—Н H- C H H isomerase O kinase O dehydratase O dehydrogenase O phosphorylase O - I
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are important regulatory mechanisms. Protein kinases attach phosphoryl groups to target proteins, while only a phosphatase removes the phosphoryl group. What does this method of covalent control cost in terms of energy?
V-class proton pumps run backward relative to the F-class ATP synthase. Consider the cartoon, which shows the conformations of the beta-subunits and ATPIADP + Pj of the F-class synthase. Which of the following associations between the conformation of the beta subunit and ATP/ADP + P¡ is correct for V- Binding Change Mechanism loose binding ADP+P ATP ATP class pumps? C repeat ADP + P, ADP АТР tight binding АТР +P оpen АТР O The open conformation releases ATP. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P¡ drives the change from tight to loose. O Binding of ADP + P¡ drives change from open to loose. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + Pj drives the change from open to loose.
Classify the phrases. Does each phrase describe a kinase, a phosphatase, neither, or both? Kinases Phosphatases Answer Bank Neither Both may use ATP as a phosphoryl group donor PKA (protein kinase A) is an example regulate the activity of other proteins catalyze dephosphorylation reactions in eukaryotes, transfer phosphoryl groups to acidic amino acids catalyze reactions that are the reverse of dephosphorylation reactions add phosphoryl groups to proteins turn off signaling pathways triggered by kinases
The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins is a vital means of regulation. Protein kinases attach phosphoryl groups, whereas only a phosphatase will remove the phosphoryl group from the target protein. What is the energy cost of this means of covalent regulation?
What are the effects of different light colors in photosynthesis? Different light colors will change the rate of photosynthesis Light color does not affect photosynthesis Carbohydrates are metabolized by light Photosynthesis does not require light
Which statement is NOT completely true? O Cyanide, a poison, is an example of a reversible inhibitior. O noncompetitive inhibitors do not compete with substrates but have their own special site to bind called an allosteric site O noncompetitive inhibitors are molecules which decrease allosteric enzyme activity O Increased Creatine kinase in the blood may indicate a heart attack (caused by ruptured heart cells leaking the enzyme into the bood) O Reactants that are catalyzed are called substrates.
What are some of the interactions made between ATP and the kinase? Can you please describe bonds that the protein makes with (a) the phosphate groups, (b) the sugar, and (c) the adenine base? Please don't just copy answers from google.. I already read most of em.. :(
All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT: Kinases use ATP to add a phosphate to specific residues of target proteins. In muscle cells, active PKA leads to glycogen synthesis O PKA catalytic domains must be released by the regulatory domains before they are active CAMP binds the regulatory subunits of PKA Removal of phosphate groups can take place by specific phosphatase enzymes O PKA is a Ser/Thr kinase.
Concerning enzymatic activity, a larger Km value indicates a/an: Select one: O lower affinity for its substrate O inhibitory process O larger enzyme O larger Vmax O greater affinity for the substrate Which is the least common type of chemical bond? Select one: O Hydrogen O Peptide O Covalent O lonic O Disulphide D-gluconic acid is: Select one: O an integral membrane protein O a codon O an oxidized sugar O phosphorylated O a large lipid molecule