5. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of bone strength. It is defined as the ratio of bone mass to the cross-sectional area of the bone that is scanned, and it is expressed in units of grams per square centimeter (g/cm²).Recent studies suggest that peak BMD in women is achieved between ages 15 and 40, and BMD declines afterage 45. Decreased BMD is associated with increased risk of bone fracture.In a recent study, the impact of regular physical exercise on women in differing stages of BMD developmentwas examined. A simple random sample of 59 women between the ages of 41 and 45 and with no major healthproblems were enrolled in the study. The women were classified into one of the two following groups, based ontheir level of exercise activity.• Sedentary: minimal participation in physical exercise in the past three years (This group contained31 women.)• Walkers: walk at an aerobic pace at least 135 minutes per week during the past three years (This groupcontained 28 women.) (b) There was some concern that women in the two groups may have different dietary habits that could affectBMD. For example, higher intake of milk or other foods and supplements that provide additional calciumto the body could increase BMD. To examine this possibility, the researchers also asked each woman in thestudy to report on weekly milk consumption when she was age 20 through age 29. The data were then usedto compute a value of calcium obtained from milk consumption for each woman in the study. BMD levelswere plotted against the calcium intake from consumption of milk for women in each of the groups. Theplots are shown below, with the least squares estimate of a regression line on each plot.BMDBONE MINERAL DENSITYFOR SEDENTARY WOMEN1.4+1.3-1.2-1.11.0-0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16Calcium fromMilk ConsumptionBMDBONE MINERAL DENSITYFOR WALKERS1.4+1.31.2.1.11.04 +0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16Calcium fromMilk ConsumptionWhat do the plots indicate about the relationship between BMD and calcium intake from milk consumptionfrom age 20 through age 29 ?

This question explores the relationship between bone density material (BDM) and calcium intake from…

Answered: (b) There was some concern that women…

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018

18th Edition

ISBN:9780079039897

Author:Carter

Publisher:Carter

Chapter10: Statistics

Section10.1: Measures Of Center

Problem 9PPS

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Find the mean hourly cost when the cell phone described above is used for 240 minutes.
5. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure of bone strength. It is defined as the ratio of bone mass to the cross- sectional area of the bone that is scanned, and it is expressed in units of grams per square centimeter (g/cm²). Recent studies suggest that peak BMD in women is achieved between ages 15 and 40, and BMD declines after age 45. Decreased BMD is associated with increased risk of bone fracture. In a recent study, the impact of regular physical exercise on women in differing stages of BMD development was examined. A simple random sample of 59 women between the ages of 41 and 45 and with no major health problems were enrolled in the study. The women were classified into one of the two following groups, based on their level of exercise activity. • Sedentary: minimal participation in physical exercise in the past three years (This group contained 31 women.) • Walkers: walk at an aerobic pace at least 135 minutes per week during the past three years (This group contained 28 women.)…
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, N. Ehlers measured the difference in corneal thickness (in microns) between the two eyes of eight patients. Each patient had one eye that had glaucoma and one eye that was normal. The difference was measured as the corneal thickness of normal eye – corneal thickness of eye with Glaucoma. Corneal thickness is important because it can mask an accurate reading of eye pressure. Use ? = .05. Hypothesis: H0: μd=0Ha: μd≠0 Using output Test statistics : t=0.134P value=0.897 Degrees of freedom (df): df=7 Level of significance: α=0.05 Decision: P value > 0.05 thus we fails to reject null hypothesis. Question a)Write a report summarizing your findings. When writing the report consider that medical staff estimate that a difference of 4.5 microns or more could impact on their ability to interpret eye pressure correctly. b) Define for the hypothesis stated in part b) what a type 1 error and type 2 error would mean. Is it possible…
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, N. Ehlers measured the difference in corneal thickness (in microns) between the two eyes of eight patients. Each patient had one eye that had glaucoma and one eye that was normal. The difference was measured as the corneal thickness of normal eye – corneal thickness of eye with Glaucoma. Corneal thickness is important because it can mask an accurate reading of eye pressure. Use ? = .05. Q) If a participant has the same corneal thickness in their normal eye as the eye with Glaucoma, what would be the value for difference: measured as the corneal thickness of normal eye – corneal thickness of eye with Glaucoma.
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, N. Ehlers measured the difference in corneal thickness (in microns) between the two eyes of eight patients. Each patient had one eye that had glaucoma and one eye that was normal. The difference was measured as the corneal thickness of normal eye – corneal thickness of eye with Glaucoma. Corneal thickness is important because it can mask an accurate reading of eye pressure. Use ? = .05 H0: μd=0 H1: μd≠0 T statistic: t = 1.053, P value = 0.327 Degrees of Freedom n-1 = 8-1= 7 critical value 2.3646 If t is less than 2.3646, or greater than 2.3646, reject the null hypothesis Level of significance: α=0.05 question: what a type 1 error and type 2 error would mean. Is it possible that we could have committed a type 2 error in conducting the test
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, N. Ehlers measured the difference in corneal thickness (in microns) between the two eyes of eight patients. Each patient had one eye that had glaucoma and one eye that was normal. The difference was measured as the corneal thickness of normal eye – corneal thickness of eye with Glaucoma. Corneal thickness is important because it can mask an accurate reading of eye pressure. Use ? = .05. If a participant has the same corneal thickness in their normal eye as the eye with Glaucoma, what would be the value for difference: measured as the corneal thickness of normal eye – corneal thickness of eye with Glaucoma.
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, N. Ehlers measured the difference in corneal thickness (in microns) between the two eyes of eight patients. Each patient had one eye that had glaucoma and one eye that was normal. The difference was measured as the corneal thickness of normal eye – corneal thickness of eye with Glaucoma. Corneal thickness is important because it can mask an accurate reading of eye pressure. Use ? = .05. Q)Conduct a hypothesis test to determine if there is sufficient evidence to conclude that corneal thickness is different in normal eyes compared to eyes with glaucoma? Write up your results using the 8 steps.

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